SWAN: Semantic Watermarking with Abstract Meaning Representation (2026.acl-long)
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Ziping Ye, Gourab Dey, Christos Christodoulopoulos, Charith Peris, Anil Ramakrishna, Weitong Ruan, Aram Galstyan, Kai-Wei Chang, Rahul Gupta, Ninareh Mehrabi
| Challenge: | Existing methods to embed signatures by adjusting token selection preferences during text generation are highly sensitive to paraphrasing and synonyms. |
| Approach: | They propose a framework that embeds watermark signatures into the semantic structure of a sentence using Abstract Meaning Representation (AMR). |
| Outcome: | Empirical evaluation shows SWAN matches state-of-the-art detection performance on unaltered watermarked text while improving robustness against paraphrasing. |
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