| Challenge: | addressing parents by name is commonplace in the West, but it is rare in most Asian cultures. |
| Approach: | They propose a Cultural Context Schema for conversations that incorporates conversational information and cultural information such as social norms, violations, etc. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model significantly improves the empirical performance of a Chinese conversational norm and violation description using an interactive human-in-loop framework. |
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| Challenge: | Social norms fundamentally shape interpersonal communication. |
| Approach: | They propose a human-in-the-loop pipeline to synthesize a bilingual dyadic dialogue dataset with turn-by-turn annotations of social norms for Chinese and American cultures. |
| Outcome: | The proposed dataset is high-quality through human evaluation and compares with existing models. |
NORMSAGE: Multi-Lingual Multi-Cultural Norm Discovery from Conversations On-the-Fly (2023.emnlp-main)
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| Challenge: | Existing methods to understand acceptable behavior have focused on a single culture and manually built datasets from non-conversational settings. |
| Approach: | They propose a framework to automatically extract culture-specific norms from multi-lingual conversations. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework extracts culture-specific norms from multi-lingual conversations. |
Culturally Aware Natural Language Inference (2023.findings-emnlp)
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| Challenge: | Cultural norms are behavioral rules and conventions shared within specific groups, connecting cultural symbols and values. |
| Approach: | They propose a task that operationalizes cultural variations in language understanding through a natural language inference task that surfaces cultural variations as label disagreement between annotators from different cultural groups. |
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Sociocultural Norm Similarities and Differences via Situational Alignment and Explainable Textual Entailment (2023.emnlp-main)
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| Challenge: | Current research on developing computational models of social norms has focused on American society. |
| Approach: | They propose to leverage a Chinese Q&A platform and a socialchiemistry dataset as proxies for contrasting cultural axes and align social situations cross-culturally. |
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Mind the Gap in Cultural Alignment: Task-Aware Culture Management for Large Language Models (2026.acl-long)
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| Challenge: | Existing cultural alignment approaches fail to align LLMs’ broad cultural values with the specific goals of downstream tasks and suffer from cross-cultural interference. |
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NormGenesis: Multicultural Dialogue Generation via Exemplar-Guided Social Norm Modeling and Violation Recovery (2025.emnlp-main)
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| Challenge: | Social norms govern culturally appropriate behavior in communication, enabling dialogue systems to produce coherent and socially acceptable outputs. |
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| Outcome: | The proposed framework outperforms existing frameworks in refinement quality, dialogue naturalness, and generalization performance. |
From Surveys to Narratives: Rethinking Cultural Value Adaptation in LLMs (2025.emnlp-main)
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| Challenge: | Adapting cultural values in Large Language Models presents significant challenges due to biases and data limitations. |
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Detecting Community Sensitive Norm Violations in Online Conversations (2021.findings-emnlp)
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Chan Young Park, Julia Mendelsohn, Karthik Radhakrishnan, Kinjal Jain, Tushar Kanakagiri, David Jurgens, Yulia Tsvetkov
| Challenge: | Existing efforts to identify unacceptable behavior have focused on toxicity as the sole form of community norm violation. |
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RENOVI: A Benchmark Towards Remediating Norm Violations in Socio-Cultural Conversations (2024.findings-naacl)
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Haolan Zhan, Zhuang Li, Xiaoxi Kang, Tao Feng, Yuncheng Hua, Lizhen Qu, Yi Ying, Mei Rianto Chandra, Kelly Rosalin, Jureynolds Jureynolds, Suraj Sharma, Shilin Qu, Linhao Luo, Ingrid Zukerman, Lay-Ki Soon, Zhaleh Semnani Azad, Reza Haf
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Navigating the Cultural Kaleidoscope: A Hitchhiker’s Guide to Sensitivity in Large Language Models (2025.naacl-long)
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Somnath Banerjee, Sayan Layek, Hari Shrawgi, Rajarshi Mandal, Avik Halder, Shanu Kumar, Sagnik Basu, Parag Agrawal, Rima Hazra, Animesh Mukherjee
| Challenge: | Cultural harm arises when LLMs misrepresent or normalize values, identities, and practices in ways that conflict with the norms of diverse cultural groups. |
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