Challenge: Progress in the task of Critical Questions Generation has been hindered by the lack of suitable datasets and automatic evaluation standards.
Approach: They propose a comprehensive approach to support the development and benchmarking of systems for this task.
Outcome: The proposed approach supports the development and benchmarking of systems for this task.

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Automatic Multiple-Choice Question Generation and Evaluation Systems Based on LLM: A Study Case With University Resolutions (2025.coling-main)

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Challenge: Multiple choice questions (MCQs) are often used in employee selection and training, but their creation is resource-intensive and requires significant effort and investment.
Approach: They propose to use large language models and prompt engineering techniques to automate the generation and validation of MCQs.
Outcome: The proposed system reduces the burden on human resources and enables scalable, cost-effective MCQ generation.
KHANQ: A Dataset for Generating Deep Questions in Education (2022.coling-1)

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Challenge: Existing QG datasets are not suitable for educational question generation because the questions are not real questions asked by humans during learning.
Approach: They propose a dataset for question generation that contains 1,034 high-quality learner-generated questions seeking an in-depth understanding of the taught online courses in Khan Academy.
Outcome: The proposed dataset contains 1,034 high-quality learner-generated questions seeking an in-depth understanding of the taught online courses in Khan Academy.
Socratic Question Generation: A Novel Dataset, Models, and Evaluation (2023.eacl-main)

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Challenge: Socratic questioning is a form of reflective inquiry often employed in education to encourage critical thinking in students.
Approach: They present a first large dataset of 110K questions, context pairs for Socratic Question Generation.
Outcome: The proposed model produces realistic, type-sensitive, human-like Socratic questions . authors show that the model can be used in counseling and coaching .
Guiding the Growth: Difficulty-Controllable Question Generation through Step-by-Step Rewriting (2021.acl-long)

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Challenge: Existing QG systems perform substantially worse in answering multi-hop questions than single-hop ones.
Approach: They propose a framework that progressively increases question difficulty through step-by-step rewriting under the guidance of an extracted reasoning chain.
Outcome: The proposed framework increases question difficulty through step-by-step rewriting under the guidance of an extracted reasoning chain.
Meta-CQG: A Meta-Learning Framework for Complex Question Generation over Knowledge Bases (2022.coling-1)

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Challenge: Existing methods train one encoder-decoder-based model to fit all questions . however, such a one-size-fits-all strategy may not perform well for complex questions involving multiple KB relations or functional constraints.
Approach: They propose a meta-learning framework for complex question generation over knowledge bases . they propose he meta-trained generator can acquire universal meta-knowledge .
Outcome: The proposed framework can acquire universal and transferable meta-knowledge and quickly adapt to long-tailed samples under different dimensions.
Ask To The Point: Open-Domain Entity-Centric Question Generation (2023.findings-emnlp)

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Challenge: *entity-centric question generation (ECQG) is a task motivated by real-world applications such as topic-specific learning, assisted reading, and fact-checking.
Approach: They propose a PLM-based framework GenCONE with two modules: content focusing and question verification.
Outcome: The proposed framework outperforms baselines and is effective and complementary in generating high-quality questions.
Benchmarking Large Language Model Capabilities for Conditional Generation (2023.acl-long)

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Challenge: Autoregressive and pre-trained large language models have shifted the field from application-specific to generation-based approaches.
Approach: They propose to adapt existing application-specific generation benchmarks to pre-trained large language models to better suit different tasks.
Outcome: The proposed models differ in their applicability to different data regimes and their generalization to multiple languages.
Agenda-Driven Question Generation: A Case Study in the Courtroom Domain (2024.lrec-main)

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Challenge: Existing automated question generation methods focus on unstructured text and lack agenda and background documents as context.
Approach: They propose to leverage large language models for CourtQG by fine-tuning them on two auxiliary tasks, agenda explanation and question type prediction.
Outcome: The proposed method generates better questions according to standard metrics when compared to several baselines.
ParaQG: A System for Generating Questions and Answers from Paragraphs (D19-3)

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Challenge: Automated question generation systems generate questions from sentences and paragraphs . manual generation of questions is labour-intensive as it requires reading, parsing and understanding of long passages of text.
Approach: They propose a web-based system for generating questions from sentences and paragraphs . paraQG provides an interactive interface for a user to select answers with visual insights .
Outcome: The proposed system generates questions from sentences and paragraphs on a web-based platform.
LLM DEBATE OPPONENT : Counter-argument Generation focusing on Implicit and Critical Premises (2025.naacl-srw)

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Challenge: Recent advances in Large Language Models (LLMs) show promise in automating counter-argument generation.
Approach: They compare multi-step and one-step generation methods for counter-arguments across 100 debate topics.
Outcome: The proposed model outperforms multi-step and one-step pipelines for counter-arguments across 100 debate topics.

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