Challenge: Existing automated question generation methods focus on unstructured text and lack agenda and background documents as context.
Approach: They propose to leverage large language models for CourtQG by fine-tuning them on two auxiliary tasks, agenda explanation and question type prediction.
Outcome: The proposed method generates better questions according to standard metrics when compared to several baselines.

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Question-type Driven Question Generation (D19-1)

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Challenge: Existing work suffers from mismatching between question type and answer . existing work fails to generate questions with type how while answer is personal name .
Approach: They propose to automatically predict the question type based on the input answer and context.
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Unleashing the Power of LLMs in Court View Generation by Stimulating Internal Knowledge and Incorporating External Knowledge (2024.findings-naacl)

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Challenge: Large Language Models (LLMs) have made remarkable strides in language generation, but they encounter difficulties in the knowledge-intensive legal domain.
Approach: They propose to decompose court views into different parts, stimulate internal knowledge, and incorporate external information to unleash the power of LLMs in the task.
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KHANQ: A Dataset for Generating Deep Questions in Education (2022.coling-1)

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Challenge: Existing QG datasets are not suitable for educational question generation because the questions are not real questions asked by humans during learning.
Approach: They propose a dataset for question generation that contains 1,034 high-quality learner-generated questions seeking an in-depth understanding of the taught online courses in Khan Academy.
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ParaQG: A System for Generating Questions and Answers from Paragraphs (D19-3)

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Challenge: Automated question generation systems generate questions from sentences and paragraphs . manual generation of questions is labour-intensive as it requires reading, parsing and understanding of long passages of text.
Approach: They propose a web-based system for generating questions from sentences and paragraphs . paraQG provides an interactive interface for a user to select answers with visual insights .
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Learning to Generate Question by Asking Question: A Primal-Dual Approach with Uncommon Word Generation (2022.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Existing automatic question generation methods focus on encoding passage and answer to generate question.
Approach: They propose an automatic question generation approach which integrates question generation with its dual problem, question answering, into a unified primal-dual framework.
Outcome: The proposed approach outperforms existing methods on SQuAD and HotpotQA benchmarks.
Socratic Question Generation: A Novel Dataset, Models, and Evaluation (2023.eacl-main)

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Challenge: Socratic questioning is a form of reflective inquiry often employed in education to encourage critical thinking in students.
Approach: They present a first large dataset of 110K questions, context pairs for Socratic Question Generation.
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Ask To The Point: Open-Domain Entity-Centric Question Generation (2023.findings-emnlp)

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Challenge: *entity-centric question generation (ECQG) is a task motivated by real-world applications such as topic-specific learning, assisted reading, and fact-checking.
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Benchmarking Critical Questions Generation: A Challenging Reasoning Task for Large Language Models (2025.findings-emnlp)

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Challenge: Progress in the task of Critical Questions Generation has been hindered by the lack of suitable datasets and automatic evaluation standards.
Approach: They propose a comprehensive approach to support the development and benchmarking of systems for this task.
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Guiding the Growth: Difficulty-Controllable Question Generation through Step-by-Step Rewriting (2021.acl-long)

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Challenge: Existing QG systems perform substantially worse in answering multi-hop questions than single-hop ones.
Approach: They propose a framework that progressively increases question difficulty through step-by-step rewriting under the guidance of an extracted reasoning chain.
Outcome: The proposed framework increases question difficulty through step-by-step rewriting under the guidance of an extracted reasoning chain.
SGCM: Salience-Guided Context Modeling for Question Generation (2024.lrec-main)

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Challenge: Identifying relevant sentences to answers is crucial for reasoning the possible questions before generation.
Approach: They propose a salience-guided approach to enhance Paragraph-level Question Generation by identifying salient sentences that manifest relevance.
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