Challenge: Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities across numerous tasks, yet they often rely on external context to handle complex tasks.
Approach: They propose a tri-encoder sequential retriever that models a Markov Decision Process (MDP) this method decomposes the probability of retrieving a set of elements into a sequence of conditional probabilities and allows each retrieval step to be conditioned on previously selected examples.
Outcome: The proposed method outperforms baselines and shows that it can handle multiple pieces of evidence or examples.

Similar Papers

CoEvo: Coevolution of LLM and Retrieval Model for Domain-Specific Information Retrieval (2025.emnlp-main)

Copied to clipboard

Challenge: Recent methods to enhance queries by generating intermediary elements can degrade retrieval performance . combining LLMs and retrievers can be difficult, resulting in unreliable or irrelevant intermediaries .
Approach: They propose a framework that facilitates the coevolution of large language models and retrieval models.
Outcome: The proposed framework facilitates the coevolution of LLMs and retrieval models.
Learning to Retrieve Iteratively for In-Context Learning (2024.emnlp-main)

Copied to clipboard

Challenge: In-context learning is a powerful tool for learning large language models.
Approach: They propose an iterative retrieval framework that empowers retrievers to make iterable decisions through policy optimization.
Outcome: The proposed framework outperforms existing methods on semantic parsing datasets with 4M additional parameters for state encoding.
On Synthetic Data Strategies for Domain-Specific Generative Retrieval (2025.acl-long)

Copied to clipboard

Challenge: Generative retrieval models can be used to generate ranked lists of potentially relevant document identifiers for a user query.
Approach: They propose a synthetic data generation strategy for a two-stage training framework that focuses on learning to decode document identifiers from queries and a strategy for mining hard negatives based on initial model's predictions.
Outcome: The proposed model can generate ranked lists of potentially relevant document identifiers for a user query and then refine ranking through preference learning.
Beyond Single-Shot: Multi-step Tool Retrieval via Query Planning (2026.findings-acl)

Copied to clipboard

Challenge: Large language models (LLMs) are evolving from text generation into integration within agentic workflows . tools such as APIs, databases, and software tools are expanding rapidly .
Approach: They propose a lightweight framework that models retrieval as iterative query planning . instead of single-shot matching, ToolQP decomposes instructions into sub-tasks .
Outcome: The proposed framework achieves state-of-the-art performance and robustness across retrievers.
R3-RAG: Learning Step-by-Step Reasoning and Retrieval for LLMs via Reinforcement Learning (2025.findings-emnlp)

Copied to clipboard

Challenge: RAG systems that integrate external knowledge with Large Language Models often become bottlenecks due to their limited parameters compared to LLMs and their inability to perform step-by-step reasoning.
Approach: They propose a model that integrates external knowledge with Large Language Models to enhance factual correctness and mitigate hallucination.
Outcome: The proposed model outperforms baselines and can transfer well to different retrievers.
Compositional Translation: A Novel LLM-based Approach for Low-resource Machine Translation (2025.findings-emnlp)

Copied to clipboard

Challenge: generative large language models (LLMs) can perform in-context learning . machine translation (MT) has been shown to benefit from in-constitu examples .
Approach: They propose a compositional translation paradigm that replaces naive few-shot MT with similarity-based demonstrations.
Outcome: The proposed paradigm replaces naive few-shot MT with similarity-based demonstrations.
Shall We Pretrain Autoregressive Language Models with Retrieval? A Comprehensive Study (2023.emnlp-main)

Copied to clipboard

Challenge: a recent study shows that retrieval-augmented LMs can improve text generation quality and accuracy.
Approach: They propose a model that reproduces RETRO parameters while retrieving a text corpus . they find RETRO outperforms GPT on text generation with less repetition .
Outcome: The proposed model outperforms standard retrieval-augmented GPT and retrieval augmented GTP on text generation and accuracy tasks.
Towards Hierarchical Multi-Step Reward Models for Enhanced Reasoning in Large Language Models (2026.findings-acl)

Copied to clipboard

Challenge: Existing Process Reward Models (PRMs) are vulnerable to reward hacking and require expensive, large-scale annotation of reasoning steps.
Approach: They propose a reward model approach which evaluates both individual and consecutive reasoning steps from fine-grained and coarse-grounded level.
Outcome: Empirical results show that the proposed model performs better than existing PRMs and is more robust than existing models.
RaDA: Retrieval-augmented Web Agent Planning with LLMs (2024.findings-acl)

Copied to clipboard

Challenge: Agents powered by large language models inherit important limitations such as the restricted context length, dependency on human-engineered exemplars, and insufficient generalization.
Approach: They propose a novel planning method for Web agents that disentangles planning into two stages: for a new given task, it decomposes tasks into high-level subtasks; and then iteratively synthesizes actions based on dynamically retrieved exemplars.
Outcome: The proposed method decomposes tasks into high-level subtasks and iteratively synthesizes actions based on dynamically retrieved exemplars.
Retrieve-and-Fill for Scenario-based Task-Oriented Semantic Parsing (2023.eacl-main)

Copied to clipboard

Challenge: Task-oriented semantic parsing models have achieved strong results in recent years, but they often face obstacles adapting to novel settings with distinct semantics and scarce data.
Approach: They propose a scenario-based semantic parsing model which isolates coarse-grained and fine-grounded aspects of the task and solves them with off-the-shelf neural modules.
Outcome: The proposed model outperforms previous approaches in high-resource, low-resourced, and multilingual settings, and is modular, differentiable, interpretable, and allows extra supervision from scenarios.

What is GenGO?

GenGO is an NLP powered publication search system. It currenctly indexes 30k+ papers from ACL Anthology, and implements multi-aspect summarization, semantic search, and more!

Information

About
Limitations