Challenge: Existing methods focus on semantic similarity between queries and candidate exemplars, while logical connections between reasoning steps can be beneficial to depict problem-solving process.
Approach: They propose a method to retrieve exemplars with semantic and structural similarity using a graph kernel.
Outcome: The proposed method is superior to state-of-the-art retrieval-based approaches on mathematics and logical reasoning tasks.

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Challenge: Existing graph RAGs decouple retrieval and reasoning processes, preventing adaptability . existing graph Raggings depend heavily on ground-truth entities, which are often unavailable in open-domain settings.
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Graph Neural Network Enhanced Retrieval for Question Answering of Large Language Models (2025.naacl-long)

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Challenge: Existing retrieval methods divide reference documents into passages, treating them in isolation. Existing methods only use contiguous passages or keywords.
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STARE at the Structure: Steering ICL Exemplar Selection with Structural Alignment (2025.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Existing methods for incontext learning often overlook structural alignment, leading to poor generalization and suboptimal performance.
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Reasoning with Graphs: Structuring Implicit Knowledge to Enhance LLMs Reasoning (2025.findings-acl)

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Challenge: Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable success across a wide range of tasks, however, they still face challenges in reasoning tasks that require understanding and inferring relationships between distinct pieces of information within text sequences.
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Challenge: Existing approaches to retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) rely on costly LLM calls to generate relation paths or traverse the KG.
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Challenge: Textual Attributed Graphs (TAGs) are crucial for modeling complex real-world systems, yet leveraging large language models (LLMs) for TAGs presents unique challenges due to the gap between sequential text processing and graph-structured data.
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An End-to-End Submodular Framework for Data-Efficient In-Context Learning (2024.findings-naacl)

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Challenge: Recent advances in natural language tasks leverage the emergent In-Context Learning ability of pretrained Large Language Models (LLMs).
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EXPLORA: Efficient Exemplar Subset Selection for Complex Reasoning (2024.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have enabled in-context learning (ICL) a critical challenge in ICL is the selection of optimal exemplars .
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Thought-Action Graph Reasoning: Faithful and Efficient Reasoning of Large Language Models via Reusing Past Experience (2026.findings-acl)

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Challenge: Existing methods for integrating knowledge graphs with LLMs suffer from poor generalization or low reasoning efficiency.
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Empowering GraphRAG with Knowledge Filtering and Integration (2025.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Large language models suffer from knowledge gaps and hallucinations, resulting in incorrect or poor reasoning.
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