UR2N: Unified Retriever and ReraNker (2025.coling-industry)

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Challenge: XTR-style retrieval on top of trained Mono-T5 reranker is suboptimal for two-stage retrieval, arguing that it is sub-optimal.
Approach: They propose a unified encoder-decoder architecture with a novel training regimen which enables the encoder representation to be used for retrieval and the decoder for re-ranking within a single unified model.
Outcome: The proposed architecture outperforms ColBERT, XTR, and even serves as a superior reranker compared to the Mono-T5 re-ranker.

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Challenge: Existing methods to train retrieval-based dialogue systems are suboptimal . existing methods to optimize retrieval and rerank modules are sub-optimal, causing sub-optimum performance.
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ED2LM: Encoder-Decoder to Language Model for Faster Document Re-ranking Inference (2022.findings-acl)

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Challenge: State-of-the-art neural models typically encode document-query pairs using cross-attention for re-ranking.
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HYRR: Hybrid Infused Reranking for Passage Retrieval (2024.lrec-main)

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Challenge: Existing passage retrieval systems typically adopt a two-stage retrieve-then-rerank pipeline.
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Retrieve Fast, Rerank Smart: Cooperative and Joint Approaches for Improved Cross-Modal Retrieval (2022.tacl-1)

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Challenge: Current approaches to cross-modal retrieval process text and visual input jointly . current approaches are pretrained from scratch and suffer from huge retrieval latency and inefficiency issues .
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SDR: Efficient Neural Re-ranking using Succinct Document Representation (2022.acl-long)

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Challenge: BERT based ranking models have been successful on various information retrieval tasks, but they are prone to storage and network fetching latency.
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Re2G: Retrieve, Rerank, Generate (2022.naacl-main)

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Challenge: Recent models such as RAG and REALM incorporate retrieval into conditional generation.
Approach: They propose a method that combines retrieval and reranking into a BART-based sequence-to-sequence generation.
Outcome: The proposed model combines retrieval and reranking into a BART-based sequence-to-sequence generation.
FIRST: Faster Improved Listwise Reranking with Single Token Decoding (2024.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Existing listwise LLMs lack efficiency as they provide ranking output in the form of a generated ordered sequence of candidate passage identifiers.
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Leaner and Faster: Two-Stage Model Compression for Lightweight Text-Image Retrieval (2022.naacl-main)

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Challenge: Existing text-image approaches use pre-trained vision-language representations for text retrieval . however, these models pose non-trivial memory requirements and substantial indexing time .
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CODER: An efficient framework for improving retrieval through COntextual Document Embedding Reranking (2022.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Contextual document embedding reranking is an efficient and efficient retrieval framework.
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NAIL: Lexical Retrieval Indices with Efficient Non-Autoregressive Decoders (2023.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Neural document rerankers require dedicated hardware for serving, which is costly and often not feasible.
Approach: They propose a method that captures 86% of the gains of a Transformer cross-attention model with a lexicalized scoring function that only requires 10-6% of . the model architecture is compatible with recent encoder-decoder and decoder-only large language models, such as T5, GPT-3 and PaLM.
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