Challenge: a new task is needed to recognize physical manifestations of emotions in natural language . physical manifestation of emotions affects not only our mental state but also our physical state .
Approach: They propose a task to recognize expressions of embodied emotion in natural language . they use body part mentions with human annotations to extract emotional manner expressions .
Outcome: The proposed model can train without gold data and improve performance with gold data.

Similar Papers

CHEER-Ekman: Fine-grained Embodied Emotion Classification (2025.acl-short)

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Challenge: Emotions manifest through physical experiences and bodily reactions, yet identifying such embodied emotions in text remains understudied.
Approach: They propose to extend existing binary embodied emotion dataset with Ekman’s six basic emotion categories.
Outcome: The proposed dataset outperforms existing methods with large language models.
Anatomy of a Feeling: Narrating Embodied Emotions via Large Vision-Language Models (2025.findings-emnlp)

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Challenge: ELENA is a framework for embodied emotion analysis using large vision language models . ELEna uses attention maps and a persistent bias towards the facial region .
Approach: They propose a framework that utilizes large vision language models to generate ELENA . they propose to use attention maps to describe emotional reactions from body parts .
Outcome: The proposed framework outperforms baseline models without fine-tuning . it uses large vision language models to generate embodied emotion narratives .
Guilt by Association: Emotion Intensities in Lexical Representations (2021.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: linguistic models have a higher correlation with human ground truth ratings than labeled data . word vectors have often been evaluated on standard word relatedness benchmarks .
Approach: They propose to use unsupervised, supervised, and finally supervised methods to extract emotional associations from pretrained vectors and models.
Outcome: The proposed method shows higher correlation with ground truth ratings than state-of-the-art lexicons based on labeled data.
The Language of Interoception: Examining Embodiment and Emotion Through a Corpus of Body Part Mentions (2025.findings-emnlp)

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Challenge: 5% to 10% of posts include body part mentions in English text . text containing BPMs tends to be more emotionally charged, even when the BPM is not used to describe a physical reaction to the emotion in the text.
Approach: They create corpora of body part mentions in online English text with human annotations for the emotions of the person whose body part is mentioned.
Outcome: The proposed study is the first to investigate the connection between emotion, embodiment, and everyday language in a large sample of natural language data.
Emotion Analysis in NLP: Trends, Gaps and Roadmap for Future Directions (2024.lrec-main)

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Challenge: Emotion analysis (EA) is a rapidly growing field in natural language processing . there is no consensus on scope, direction, or methods for EA .
Approach: They review 154 relevant NLP papers on emotion analysis from the last decade . they ask: how are EA tasks defined in NLP? what are the most prominent emotion frameworks and which emotions are modeled?
Outcome: The authors examine 154 relevant NLP papers on emotion analysis from the last decade . they find that there is no consensus on scope, direction, or methods .
When Words Smile: Generating Diverse Emotional Facial Expressions from Text (2025.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Existing systems that generate only coarse facial expressions ignore the rich and dynamic nature of face-to-face communication.
Approach: They propose an end-to-end text-to expression model that explicitly focuses on emotional dynamics.
Outcome: The proposed model outperforms baselines on 15,000 text–3D expression pairs on a large-scale dataset.
EmotionQueen: A Benchmark for Evaluating Empathy of Large Language Models (2024.findings-acl)

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Challenge: Existing evaluations of emotional intelligence in large language models (LLMs) focus on basic sentiment analysis tasks, such as emotion recognition, which is not enough to evaluate LLMs’ overall emotional intelligence.
Approach: They propose a framework for evaluating the emotional intelligence of large language models (LLMs) that includes four distinct tasks: Key Event Recognition, Mixed Event Recognition and Implicit Emotional Recognition.
Outcome: The proposed framework includes four distinct tasks: Key Event Recognition, Mixed Event Recognition and Implicit Emotional Recognition.
A (Psycho-)Linguistically Motivated Scheme for Annotating and Exploring Emotions in a Genre-Diverse Corpus (2022.lrec-1)

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Challenge: Using a linguistic perspective, emotion annotation is considered a difficult task because of the lack of consensus on emotional categories, the fuzziness of boundaries between them or the great variability of emotion expressions types.
Approach: They propose a scheme for emotion annotation and its manual application on a genre-diverse corpus of texts written in french.
Outcome: The proposed method clarifies the main concepts implied by the analysis of emotions as they are expressed in texts and performs a manual annotation campaign on a corpus of 1,594 texts (ca. 515K tokens) of different genres.
Beyond Silent Letters: Amplifying LLMs in Emotion Recognition with Vocal Nuances (2025.findings-naacl)

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Challenge: Recent studies have demonstrated that Large Language Models possess a form of emotional intelligence, capable of interpreting emotional stimuli in text.
Approach: They propose a method that translates speech characteristics into natural language descriptions and integrates them into LLMs to perform multimodal emotion analysis via text prompts.
Outcome: The proposed method outperforms baseline models that require structural modifications on two datasets showing significant improvements in emotion recognition accuracy.
Emotion-Infused Models for Explainable Psychological Stress Detection (2021.naacl-main)

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Challenge: a new study examines the use of emotion detection for detecting psychological stress in online posts . traditional multi-task learning and emotion-based language model fine-tuning are used to improve the model .
Approach: They propose to use a semantically related task, emotion detection, for detecting psychological stress in online posts . they propose multi-task learning and emotion-based language model fine-tuning to improve the model .
Outcome: The proposed model is more explainable and human-like than a black-box model . the proposed model mirrors psychological components of stress, the authors show .

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