Challenge: Recent studies have demonstrated that Large Language Models possess a form of emotional intelligence, capable of interpreting emotional stimuli in text.
Approach: They propose a method that translates speech characteristics into natural language descriptions and integrates them into LLMs to perform multimodal emotion analysis via text prompts.
Outcome: The proposed method outperforms baseline models that require structural modifications on two datasets showing significant improvements in emotion recognition accuracy.

Similar Papers

A Unified View on Emotion Representation in Large Language Models (2026.eacl-long)

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Challenge: Recent studies show the presence of emotion concepts in the hidden state representations, but it’s unclear if the model has a robust representation consistent across different datasets.
Approach: They propose a unified view to understand emotion representation in Large Language Models by experimenting with diverse datasets and prompts.
Outcome: The proposed model can be interchanged between datasets with minimal impact on performance.
Generative Error Correction for Emotion-aware Speech-to-text Translation (2025.findings-acl)

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Challenge: Despite recent advances in speech-to-text translation, the impact of the emotion content has been overlooked.
Approach: They propose to use generative error correction (GER) to generate the translation based on the decoded N-best hypotheses and combine emotion and sentiment labels into the LLM finetuning process to enable the model to consider the emotion content.
Outcome: The proposed model can translate speech in English-Chinese using GER and emotion and sentiment labels.
EmotionQueen: A Benchmark for Evaluating Empathy of Large Language Models (2024.findings-acl)

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Challenge: Existing evaluations of emotional intelligence in large language models (LLMs) focus on basic sentiment analysis tasks, such as emotion recognition, which is not enough to evaluate LLMs’ overall emotional intelligence.
Approach: They propose a framework for evaluating the emotional intelligence of large language models (LLMs) that includes four distinct tasks: Key Event Recognition, Mixed Event Recognition and Implicit Emotional Recognition.
Outcome: The proposed framework includes four distinct tasks: Key Event Recognition, Mixed Event Recognition and Implicit Emotional Recognition.
LaERC-S: Improving LLM-based Emotion Recognition in Conversation with Speaker Characteristics (2025.coling-main)

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Challenge: Emotion recognition in conversation (ERC) is a task of discerning human emotions for each utterance within a conversation.
Approach: They propose a framework that uses large language models to analyze speaker characteristics . they use two-stage learning to make the models reason speaker characteristics and track emotion of the speaker .
Outcome: The proposed framework outperforms existing methods on three benchmark datasets.
Sentiment Analysis in the Era of Large Language Models: A Reality Check (2024.findings-naacl)

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Challenge: Sentiment analysis (SA) has been a long-standing research area in natural language processing.
Approach: They propose a benchmark to evaluate LLMs' SA abilities and propose 'sentiEval' benchmark to be used for a more comprehensive evaluation.
Outcome: The proposed benchmark outperforms small language models on 26 datasets on 13 tasks and compared them with LLMs trained on domain-specific datasets.
LLaMAs Have Feelings Too: Unveiling Sentiment and Emotion Representations in LLaMA Models Through Probing (2025.acl-long)

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Challenge: Large Language Models (LLMs) have become central to NLP, demonstrating their ability to adapt to various tasks through prompting techniques.
Approach: They probe the hidden layers of Large Language Models to identify where sentiment features are most represented and to assess how this affects sentiment analysis.
Outcome: The proposed approach enables sentiment tasks to be performed with memory requirements reduced by an average of 57%.
Self-supervised Cross-modal Pretraining for Speech Emotion Recognition and Sentiment Analysis (2022.findings-emnlp)

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Challenge: Existing approaches to multimodal speech emotion recognition and sentiment analysis have not improved results due to their relatively simple fusion mechanisms and lack of proper cross-modal pretraining.
Approach: They propose a deep-fused audio-text bi-modal transformer with carefully designed cross-modal fusion mechanism and stage-wise cross-mod pretraining scheme to facilitate cross-modulation.
Outcome: The proposed method exceeds benchmarks on public IEMOCAP emotion and CMU-MOSEI sentiment datasets by a large margin.
When Large Language Models Meet Speech: A Survey on Integration Approaches (2025.findings-acl)

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Challenge: Recent advances in large language models have spurred interest in expanding their application beyond text-based tasks.
Approach: They propose to categorize the integration of speech with LLMs into three main approaches . they demonstrate how these methods are applied across various speech-related applications .
Outcome: The proposed methods are applied across speech-related applications and highlight the challenges in this field to offer inspiration for future research.
Do Audio LLMs Really LISTEN, or Just Transcribe? Measuring Lexical vs. Acoustic Emotion Cues Reliance (2026.eacl-long)

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Challenge: LISTEN is a controlled benchmark to disentangle lexical reliance from acoustic sensitivity in emotion understanding.
Approach: They propose a benchmark to disentangle lexical reliance from acoustic sensitivity in emotion understanding.
Outcome: LISTEN shows that current LALMs largely "transcribe" rather than "listen" authors note that models underutilize acoustic cues while relying on lexical semantics .
Emotion-Wheel-Guided Audio-Referred Text Representation for Multimodal Emotion Recognition in Conversation (2026.acl-long)

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Challenge: Existing methods for Emotion Recognition in Conversation ignore their distinct communicative roles and information capacities and apply uniform penalties regardless of affective proximity.
Approach: They propose a modality-aware fusion strategy capturing linguistic features from text as the primary source and audio as a complementary component.
Outcome: The proposed method captures linguistic features from text as the primary source and audio as a complementary component and supervised contrastive loss to encode emotional proximity based on Russell’s circumplex model.

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