| Challenge: | Emotions manifest through physical experiences and bodily reactions, yet identifying such embodied emotions in text remains understudied. |
| Approach: | They propose to extend existing binary embodied emotion dataset with Ekman’s six basic emotion categories. |
| Outcome: | The proposed dataset outperforms existing methods with large language models. |
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| Challenge: | a new task is needed to recognize physical manifestations of emotions in natural language . physical manifestation of emotions affects not only our mental state but also our physical state . |
| Approach: | They propose a task to recognize expressions of embodied emotion in natural language . they use body part mentions with human annotations to extract emotional manner expressions . |
| Outcome: | The proposed model can train without gold data and improve performance with gold data. |
A Comparison Of Emotion Annotation Schemes And A New Annotated Data Set (L18-1)
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| Challenge: | a series of study on positive/negative sentiments has been conducted on tweets, but recognition of more nuanced affect has received little attention . valence, arousal, dominance and surprise are the most commonly used emotion representation schemes . |
| Approach: | They propose to annotate tweets with scores on four emotion dimensions . they compare annotator agreement with relative annotation schemes over categorical ones . |
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Understanding Emotions: A Dataset of Tweets to Study Interactions between Affect Categories (L18-1)
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| Challenge: | a new dataset is used to classify text into positive, negative, and neutral classes . a large amount of work on automatic detecting emotions from text has focused on classifying text into basic emotion categories . |
| Approach: | They use Twitter as the source of the textual data they annotate to find out which emotions often present together in tweets . |
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An Emotional Mess! Deciding on a Framework for Building a Dutch Emotion-Annotated Corpus (2020.lrec-1)
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| Challenge: | Existing frameworks for emotion recognition are limited and do not allow for categorical versus dimensional oppositions. |
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Anatomy of a Feeling: Narrating Embodied Emotions via Large Vision-Language Models (2025.findings-emnlp)
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| Challenge: | ELENA is a framework for embodied emotion analysis using large vision language models . ELEna uses attention maps and a persistent bias towards the facial region . |
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Label-Aware Hyperbolic Embeddings for Fine-grained Emotion Classification (2023.acl-long)
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| Challenge: | Existing models only address text classification problem in the euclidean space, which is not optimal . e.g., fear and terrified labels may not be differentiated in such space, harming performance . |
| Approach: | They propose a framework that can integrate hyperbolic embeddings to improve the task . they learn label embeddements in the hyperbolical space and then add them to the framework . |
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Emotion Representation Mapping for Automatic Lexicon Construction (Mostly) Performs on Human Level (C18-1)
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| Challenge: | Emotion Representation Mapping (ERM) is an alternative to Word Emotion Induction (WEI) for automatic emotion lexicon construction. |
| Approach: | They propose a neural network approach to ERM that converts existing emotion ratings from one representation format into another by mapping Valence-Arousal-Dominance annotations into Ekman’s Basic Emotions. |
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A Triple-View Framework for Fine-Grained Emotion Classification with Clustering-Guided Contrastive Learning (2025.acl-long)
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| Challenge: | Existing studies have focused on dealing with only one of the two difficulties of coarse-grained emotion classification. |
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Linear Layer Extrapolation for Fine-Grained Emotion Classification (2024.emnlp-main)
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| Challenge: | Existing studies show that Transformer-based language models are more factual accurate in later layers . |
| Approach: | They propose a method that optimizes contrast based on the selected intermediate layer . they observe a similar pattern for fine-grained emotion classification in text . |
| Outcome: | Experiments show that the proposed method outperforms standard methods in fine-grained emotion classification tasks. |
GoEmotions: A Dataset of Fine-Grained Emotions (2020.acl-main)
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| Challenge: | Existing datasets for language-based emotion classification are limited and small . existing datasets lack quality annotations for many different emotion categories . |
| Approach: | They propose to use a large manually annotated dataset to study emotion expressions . they conduct transfer learning experiments with existing emotion benchmarks to test their model . |
| Outcome: | The proposed model achieves an average F1-score of .46, leaving room for improvement. |