Challenge: a new study examines the use of encoder-only pre-trained language models in keyphrase generation (KPG) keyphrases are phrases that condense salient information of a document.
Approach: They propose to use encoder-only pre-trained language models in keyphrase generation . they also examine optimal architectural decisions for employing encoder only PLMs in KPG .
Outcome: The proposed model outperforms general-domain seq2seq models in keyphrase generation.

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Challenge: Keyphrase generation is a longstanding task in NLP with widespread applications.
Approach: They propose a likelihood-based decode-select algorithm for seq2seq PLMs that improves greedy search by an average of 4.7% semantic F1 across five datasets.
Outcome: The proposed algorithm improves greedy search by an average of 4.7% semantic F1 across five datasets.
An Empirical Study on Neural Keyphrase Generation (2021.naacl-main)

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Challenge: Recent years have seen a flourishing of neural keyphrase generation (KPG) works, including the release of several large-scale datasets and a host of new models to tackle them.
Approach: They propose to compare the generalizability of KPG models with other models by analyzing the most crucial factors that may affect their generalizarability.
Outcome: The proposed model can be used to predict keyphrases from a set of input sequences, and it can be compared with existing models.
General-to-Specific Transfer Labeling for Domain Adaptable Keyphrase Generation (2023.findings-acl)

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Challenge: Large distribution shifts among different domains hinder transferability of keyphrase generation models.
Approach: They propose a pipeline which guides KPG models’ learning focus from general syntactical features to domain-related semantics in a data-efficient manner.
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Learning Rich Representation of Keyphrases from Text (2022.findings-naacl)

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Challenge: Prior work has referred to extractive (part of document) or abstractive (not part of document).
Approach: They propose to use a new pre-training objective to introduce keyphrases into transformer language models in discriminative and generative settings.
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One2Set + Large Language Model: Best Partners for Keyphrase Generation (2024.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Existing selection methods make redundant selections, causing poor recall and accuracy.
Approach: They propose a framework to generate keyphrases from a one2set-based model and an LLM as selector.
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What is the best recipe for character-level encoder-only modelling? (2023.acl-long)

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Challenge: aims to benchmark recent progress in language understanding models that output contextualised representations at the character level.
Approach: They aim to find the best way to build and train character-level BERT-like models by comparing architectural innovations with pretraining objectives.
Outcome: The proposed model outperforms a token-based model on a set of evaluation tasks with a fixed training procedure.
A Survey on Recent Advances in Keyphrase Extraction from Pre-trained Language Models (2023.findings-eacl)

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Challenge: Keyphrase extraction is a key component in Natural Language Processing (NLP) systems for selecting a set of phrases from the document that could summarize the important information discussed in the source document.
Approach: They propose to use supervised and unsupervised keyphrase extraction techniques to investigate the state-of-the-art models for keyphrase extracting.
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An Investigation of Suitability of Pre-Trained Language Models for Dialogue Generation – Avoiding Discrepancies (2021.findings-acl)

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Challenge: Pre-trained language models have been widely used in open-domain dialogue generation.
Approach: They propose to use decoder-only architecture to achieve excellent performance for dialogue generation.
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Zero-Shot Keyphrase Generation: Investigating Specialized Instructions and Multi-sample Aggregation on Large Language Models (2025.findings-naacl)

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Challenge: Keyphrase generation is a long-standing NLP task for automatically generating keyphrases for a given document.
Approach: They propose to use open-source instruction-tuned LLMs for keyphrase generation . they propose task-specific counterparts to self-consistency-style strategies for LLM .
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Data Augmentation for Low-Resource Keyphrase Generation (2023.findings-acl)

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Challenge: Existing works on keyphrase generation rely on large-scale annotated datasets, which are not easy to acquire.
Approach: They propose to use full text to improve keyphrase generation in resource-constrained domains by using the full text of the articles to augment their methods.
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