Challenge: Large Language Models (LLMs) have remarkable capabilities across a variety of tasks, such as language, mathematics, coding, and etc.
Approach: They propose to decompose tool use capability into seven aspects and form a thorough evaluation schema for generic agents.
Outcome: The proposed agent acts like a super-APP and can manipulate API-based tools.

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A Survey on Evaluation of LLM-based Agents (2026.findings-acl)

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Challenge: This paper provides the first comprehensive survey of evaluation methods for LLM-based agents . LLMs are static, having fixed knowledge, and confined to text-to-text interaction.
Approach: They analyze the evaluation of LLM-based agents across five perspectives . they identify current trends and key gaps in evaluation methods .
Outcome: The proposed evaluation frameworks and tools are based on five perspectives . the results highlight current trends and identify gaps in future research .
A Survey on LLM-powered Agents for Recommender Systems (2025.findings-emnlp)

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Challenge: Large Language Models have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in natural language understanding, reasoning, and generation.
Approach: They present a comprehensive synthesis of large language models and their applications . they dissect a four-module agent architecture and review representative designs .
Outcome: The proposed models address fundamental challenges in traditional recommender systems . they include limited comprehension of complex user intents, insufficient interaction capabilities .
API-Bank: A Comprehensive Benchmark for Tool-Augmented LLMs (2023.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Recent research has demonstrated that Large Language Models (LLMs) can enhance their capabilities by utilizing external tools.
Approach: They propose a runnable evaluation system consisting of 73 API tools and an annotation system for 314 tool-use dialogues with 753 API calls.
Outcome: The proposed benchmark assesses the effectiveness of existing LLMs by analyzing 314 tool-use dialogues with 753 API calls.
PrefIx: Understand and Adapt to User Preference in Human-Agent Interaction (2026.findings-acl)

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Challenge: Current benchmarks evaluate task accuracy but overlook how agents interact . Preference-aware agents show 7.6% average UX improvement and 18.5% gain in preference alignment.
Approach: They propose a configurable environment that evaluates both what agents accomplish and how they interact.
Outcome: The proposed model improves performance and improves user experience by 7.6% and 18.5% respectively.
Reverse Chain: A Generic-Rule for LLMs to Master Multi-API Planning (2024.findings-naacl)

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Challenge: Existing approaches to enable large language models to implement function calling are limited in their tool-use capabilities.
Approach: They propose a controllable, target-driven approach to empower LLMs to operate external APIs only via prompts.
Outcome: The proposed approach limits LLMs to executing simple tasks, e.g., API Selection and Argument Completion.
AgentGym: Evaluating and Training Large Language Model-based Agents across Diverse Environments (2025.acl-long)

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Challenge: Large language models (LLMs) are promising foundations to build generally-capable agents . however, the community lacks a unified interactive framework that covers diverse environments for comprehensive evaluation of agents.
Approach: They propose a framework that features 7 real-world scenarios, 14 environments, and 89 tasks for unified, real-time, and concurrent agent interaction.
Outcome: The proposed framework features 7 real-world scenarios, 14 environments, and 89 tasks for unified, real-time, and concurrent agent interaction.
Tailoring with Targeted Precision: Edit-Based Agents for Open-Domain Procedure Customization (2024.findings-acl)

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Challenge: Using a set of over 200 WikiHow procedures, we test several simple multi-LLM-agent architectures for customization.
Approach: They propose to use a set of WikiHow procedures to test how-to procedures can be customized by multiple LLMs.
Outcome: The proposed architecture outperforms an end-to-end LLM in the evaluation set of over 200 WikiHow procedures.
CToolEval: A Chinese Benchmark for LLM-Powered Agent Evaluation in Real-World API Interactions (2024.findings-acl)

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Challenge: a benchmark is designed to evaluate the capabilities of large language models (LLMs) as agents in decision making and operational tasks.
Approach: They propose a benchmark to evaluate LLMs in the context of Chinese societal applications . they propose he benchmark will evaluate tool invocation ability of LLM and task completion ability .
Outcome: The proposed benchmark features 398 APIs across 27 widely-used Apps across 14 domains.
PersonaGym: Evaluating Persona Agents and LLMs (2025.findings-emnlp)

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Challenge: Persona agents are LLM agents conditioned to act according to an assigned persona . evaluating how faithfully these agents adhere to their personas remains a challenge .
Approach: a new study evaluates persona agents' ability to act according to an assigned persona . a persona agent's person score is a human-aligned automatic metric that can be used to evaluate a model .
Outcome: a new evaluation framework and a human-aligned automatic metric show that persona agents can perform better.
ToolCPT: Improving Tool Utilization in LLM Agents via Continuous Pre-training (2026.findings-acl)

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Challenge: Current approaches to enhancing tool use for LLM-based agents focus on post-training fine-tuning or test-time context extension.
Approach: They propose to enhance tool knowledge for LLM-based agents during continuous pre-training . they curate 5.1 million code artifacts from large-scale, high-quality code repositories .
Outcome: The proposed model outperforms existing methods on out-of-distribution tools on multiple benchmarks.

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