Challenge: Knowledge graph completion (KGC) methods are computationally intensive and impractical for large-scale KGs.
Approach: They propose to include node neighborhoods as additional information to improve KGC methods based on language models.
Outcome: The proposed method outperforms KGT5 and conventional methods on inductive and transductive Wikidata subsets and shows its importance.

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Knowledge Context Modeling with Pre-trained Language Models for Contrastive Knowledge Graph Completion (2024.findings-acl)

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Challenge: Text-based knowledge graph completion methods neglect knowledge contexts in inferring process.
Approach: They propose a framework which models the knowledge context as additional prompts with pre-trained language models for knowledge graph completion.
Outcome: The proposed framework achieves state-of-the-art on FB15k-237, WN18RR and Wikidata5M datasets.
GLTW: Joint Improved Graph Transformer and LLM via Three-Word Language for Knowledge Graph Completion (2025.findings-acl)

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Challenge: Existing knowledge graphs lack the ability to integrate structural information into LLMs and output predictions deterministically.
Approach: They propose a method which encodes structural information of KGs and merges it with LLMs to enhance KGC performance.
Outcome: The proposed method improves the performance of KG Completion datasets on KGs by integrating structural information with LLMs.
Multi-perspective Improvement of Knowledge Graph Completion with Large Language Models (2024.lrec-main)

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Challenge: Knowledge graph completion (KGC) is a widely used method to tackle incompleteness in knowledge graphs (KGs).
Approach: They propose a general framework to compensate for the deficiency of contextualized knowledge by querying large language models from various perspectives.
Outcome: The proposed framework improves knowledge graph completion (KGC) by querying large language models from various perspectives.
Path-enhanced Pre-trained Language Model for Knowledge Graph Completion (2025.findings-emnlp)

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Challenge: Pre-trained language models have achieved remarkable knowledge graph completion (KGC) success.
Approach: They propose a path-enhanced pre-trained language model-based knowledge graph completion method which uses multi-view generation to infer missing facts in triple-level and path-level simultaneously.
Outcome: The proposed method significantly improves the performance of the knowledge graph completion task.
SimKGC: Simple Contrastive Knowledge Graph Completion with Pre-trained Language Models (2022.acl-long)

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Challenge: Text-based methods lag behind graph embedding-based approaches for knowledge graph completion (KGC)
Approach: They propose three types of negatives to improve contrastive learning to improve learning efficiency.
Outcome: The proposed model outperforms embedding-based methods on several benchmark datasets.
Knowledge Is Flat: A Seq2Seq Generative Framework for Various Knowledge Graph Completion (2022.coling-1)

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Challenge: Knowledge Graph Completion (KGC) has been extended to multiple knowledge graph (KG) structures, initiating new research directions, e.g. static KGC, temporal KGC and few-shot KGC.
Approach: They propose a generative framework that could tackle different verbalizable graph structures by unifying the representation of KG facts into "flat" text.
Outcome: The proposed framework outperforms many competitive baselines and sets new state-of-the-art performance on five benchmarks.
GAP: A Graph-aware Language Model Framework for Knowledge Graph-to-Text Generation (2022.coling-1)

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Challenge: Recent improvements in KG-to-text generation are due to additional pre-training tasks . these tasks require extensive computational resources while only suggesting marginal improvements.
Approach: They propose a mask structure to capture neighborhood information and a type encoder that adds a bias to the graph-attention weights depending on the connection type.
Outcome: The proposed model outperforms state-of-the-art models while requiring no additional pre-training tasks.
KG-TRICK: Unifying Textual and Relational Information Completion of Knowledge for Multilingual Knowledge Graphs (2025.coling-main)

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Challenge: Existing studies have shown that combining information from KGs in different languages aids knowledge Graph Completion and Knowledge Graph Enhancement.
Approach: They propose a sequence-to-sequence framework that unifies tasks of textual and relational information completion for multilingual knowledge graphs.
Outcome: The proposed framework unifies tasks of KGC and KGE into a single framework.
KICGPT: Large Language Model with Knowledge in Context for Knowledge Graph Completion (2023.findings-emnlp)

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Challenge: Existing knowledge graph completion methods struggle with long-tail entities due to limited structural information and imbalanced distributions of entities.
Approach: They propose a framework that integrates a large language model and a triple-based KGC retriever to alleviate the long-tail problem without incurring additional training overhead.
Outcome: The proposed model reduces training overhead and finetuning costs on benchmark datasets.
Multilingual Knowledge Graph Completion with Language-Sensitive Multi-Graph Attention (2023.acl-long)

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Challenge: Existing approaches to multilingual knowledge graph completion have two drawbacks: alignment dependency and training inefficiency.
Approach: They propose a multilingual knowledge graph completion framework with language-sensitive multi-graph attention to predict missing links on all given KGs.
Outcome: The proposed model improves on the DBP-5L and E-PKG datasets.

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