Challenge: Sequence-to-sequence (seq2sequ) models are a ubiquitous tool for text generation but they are not suitable for many other tasks.
Approach: They propose to use UE techniques to identify out-of-domain (OOD) inputs where the model is susceptible to errors.
Outcome: The proposed methods outperform heavyweight ensembles on the task of OOD detection.

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Challenge: Existing studies on self-supervised pretraining for machine translation have focused on the jointly pretrained decoder .
Approach: They propose a method to improve neural machine translation by jointly pretrained decoder . they propose two strategies to remedy the domain and objective discrepancies .
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Multi-Task Dense Retrieval via Model Uncertainty Fusion for Open-Domain Question Answering (2021.findings-emnlp)

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Challenge: Existing approaches to multitask dense retrieval are not effective due to corpus inconsistency.
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Sparse Sequence-to-Sequence Models (P19-1)

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Challenge: Sequence-to-sequence models are dense and assigning nonzero probability to implausible outputs.
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Transforming Sequence Tagging Into A Seq2Seq Task (2022.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Pretrained, large, generative language models have had great success in a wide range of sequence tagging and structured prediction tasks.
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Rethinking Model Selection and Decoding for Keyphrase Generation with Pre-trained Sequence-to-Sequence Models (2023.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Keyphrase generation is a longstanding task in NLP with widespread applications.
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LUQ: Long-text Uncertainty Quantification for LLMs (2024.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Existing research on Uncertainty Quantification (UQ) predominantly targets short text generation, however, real-world applications often necessitate much longer responses.
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Denoising based Sequence-to-Sequence Pre-training for Text Generation (D19-1)

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Challenge: PoDA pre-trains encoders and decoders by denoising noise-corrupted text . Unlike encoder-only or decode-only methods, it can be used for text generation tasks without using any task-specific techniques.
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Structural generalization is hard for sequence-to-sequence models (2022.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Sequence-to-sequence models have been successful across many NLP tasks, but they have low generalization accuracy .
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Uncertainty Estimation of Transformer Predictions for Misclassification Detection (2022.acl-long)

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Challenge: Uncertainty estimation (UE) of model predictions is crucial step for a variety of tasks such as active learning, misclassification detection, adversarial attack detection, etc.
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Reconsidering LLM Uncertainty Estimation Methods in the Wild (2025.acl-long)

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Challenge: Existing studies evaluate UE methods in short-form QA settings, but real-world deployment presents several challenges.
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