Challenge: Existing studies focus on overcoming catastrophic forgetting on original language pairs while lacking encouragement to learn new knowledge from incremental learning.
Approach: They propose a knowledge transfer method that can adapt original MNMT models to diverse incremental language pairs by flexibly introducing knowledge from external models into original models, which encourages the models to learn new language pairs.
Outcome: The proposed method outperforms baselines on multiple languages while maintaining performance on original language pairs.

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Challenge: Existing models for multi-domain translation tasks only use monolingual data, whereas bilingual data is indispensable for improving the models.
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Learn and Consolidate: Continual Adaptation for Zero-Shot and Multilingual Neural Machine Translation (2023.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Existing multilingual neural machine translation models perform poorly on language pairs with no parallel corpus.
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Multilingual Neural Machine Translation: Can Linguistic Hierarchies Help? (2021.findings-emnlp)

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Challenge: Multilingual Neural Machine Translation (MNMT) trains a single model that supports translation between multiple languages . transferring knowledge from a diverse set of languages degrades the translation performance due to negative transfer.
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m^4 Adapter: Multilingual Multi-Domain Adaptation for Machine Translation with a Meta-Adapter (2022.findings-emnlp)

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Challenge: Multilingual neural machine translation models (MNMT) are effective on transferring knowledge between high-resource languages to low-resourced languages.
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Knowledge Distillation for Multilingual Unsupervised Neural Machine Translation (2020.acl-main)

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Challenge: Unsupervised neural machine translation (UNMT) can only translate between a single language pair and cannot produce translation results for multiple language pairs at the same time.
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Multilingual Neural Machine Translation (2020.coling-tutorials)

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Challenge: In this tutorial, we will cover the latest advances in NMT to enhance low-resource translation.
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From Bilingual to Multilingual Neural Machine Translation by Incremental Training (P19-2)

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Challenge: Existing approaches to multilingual neural machine translation are based on task specific models and the addition of one more language is only possible by retraining the whole system.
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Multilingual Agreement for Multilingual Neural Machine Translation (2021.acl-short)

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Challenge: Existing models that only use auxiliary languages to encourage multilingual agreement ignore the relationships between different language pairs.
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Entropy-Based Vocabulary Substitution for Incremental Learning in Multilingual Neural Machine Translation (2022.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Existing methods to update a multilingual model with new language pairs are expensive and time-consuming.
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Unifying the Convergences in Multilingual Neural Machine Translation (2022.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Existing approaches to multilingual neural machine translation are overfitting and inconsistency is ignored .
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