On the Blind Spots of Model-Based Evaluation Metrics for Text Generation (2023.acl-long)
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| Challenge: | Existing methods for text generation evaluation metrics are lacking in robustness analysis. |
| Approach: | They propose to use stress tests to test for errors in text generation evaluation metrics . they find that BERTScore is confused by truncation errors in summarization . |
| Outcome: | The proposed stress tests show that they are insensitive to errors in open-ended generation, translation, and summarization. |
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| Challenge: | Existing evaluation methods lack a sound theoretical foundation for evaluation campaigns . imperfect automated metrics and insufficiently sized test sets are some of the factors that cause uncertainty. |
| Approach: | They propose a theoretical framework that incorporates different sources of uncertainty, such as imperfect automated metrics and insufficiently sized test sets. |
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Curious Case of Language Generation Evaluation Metrics: A Cautionary Tale (2020.coling-main)
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| Challenge: | a few popular metrics are still used to evaluate language generation systems despite their known limitations. |
| Approach: | They propose to use automatic metrics to evaluate language generation systems . they show that they prefer system outputs to human-authored texts . |
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SESCORE2: Learning Text Generation Evaluation via Synthesizing Realistic Mistakes (2023.acl-long)
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| Challenge: | Existing learned metrics perform unsatisfactory across text generation tasks or require human annotations for training on specific tasks. |
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A Tutorial on Evaluation Metrics used in Natural Language Generation (2021.naacl-tutorials)
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| Challenge: | This tutorial presents the evolution of automatic evaluation metrics to their current state along with emerging trends in this field. |
| Approach: | This tutorial presents the evolution of automatic evaluation metrics to their current state . it aims to assess the extent of scientific progress made and identify areas/components that need improvement . |
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Not All Errors are Equal: Learning Text Generation Metrics using Stratified Error Synthesis (2022.findings-emnlp)
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| Challenge: | Existing learning metrics are limited to tasks where large human ratings are available. |
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Evaluating Language Models as Synthetic Data Generators (2025.acl-long)
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Seungone Kim, Juyoung Suk, Xiang Yue, Vijay Viswanathan, Seongyun Lee, Yizhong Wang, Kiril Gashteovski, Carolin Lawrence, Sean Welleck, Graham Neubig
| Challenge: | Prior studies have focused on developing effective data generation methods, but lack systematic comparison of different LMs as data generators in a unified setting. |
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Perturbation CheckLists for Evaluating NLG Evaluation Metrics (2021.emnlp-main)
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| Challenge: | Existing evaluation metrics for natural language generation are inadequate . existing metrics are not robust against simple perturbations and disagree with scores assigned by humans to perturbed output. |
| Approach: | They propose to propose checks which perturb the output and target a specific criteria and then use them to refine their evaluation. |
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Global Explainability of BERT-Based Evaluation Metrics by Disentangling along Linguistic Factors (2021.emnlp-main)
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| Challenge: | Evaluation metrics are a key ingredient for progress of text generation systems . a class of novel evaluation metrics based on BERT and its variants has been explored . |
| Approach: | They propose to disentangle BERT-based evaluation metrics along linguistic factors . they show they are sensitive to lexical overlap, just like BLEU and ROUGE . |
| Outcome: | The proposed metrics capture all aspects but are sensitive to lexical overlap, just like BLEU and ROUGE, the authors show . |
BLEURT: Learning Robust Metrics for Text Generation (2020.acl-main)
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| Challenge: | Text generation has made significant advances, but evaluation metrics have lagged behind. |
| Approach: | They propose a learning evaluation metric for English based on BERT . BLEURT can model human judgment with a few thousand possibly biased training examples . |
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GRUEN for Evaluating Linguistic Quality of Generated Text (2020.findings-emnlp)
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| Challenge: | Existing evaluation metrics focus on content selection, not linguistic quality . proposed GRUEN measures Grammaticality, non-redundancy, focUs, structure and coherence of generated text. |
| Approach: | They propose to use a BERT-based model and a class of syntactic, semantic, and contextual features to examine the system output. |
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