Challenge: Existing diffusion models for continuous-valued domains have not been adopted for text data.
Approach: They propose a diffusion-based language model with two key design choices . semi-autoregressive model generates blocks of text and allows local context updates . they evaluate it on unconstrained text generation benchmarks .
Outcome: The proposed model outperforms autoregressive models on unconstrained text generation benchmarks on uncontrolled text generation.

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Challenge: Existing studies of diffusion-based language models have been conducted on a smaller scale.
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Challenge: Diffusion models have shown promise in text generation, but often struggle with generating long, coherent, and contextually accurate text.
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TESS: Text-to-Text Self-Conditioned Simplex Diffusion (2024.eacl-long)

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Challenge: Existing models for diffusion generation are expensive and discrete, resulting in a large number of diffusion steps to generate text.
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Challenge: Existing non-autoregressive (NAR) text-to-text generation methods are unable to generate coherent and fluent texts due to discrete nature of text.
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Challenge: a recent study shows that retrieval-augmented LMs can improve text generation quality and accuracy.
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Challenge: Diffusion models have shown great potential on many generative tasks, but their application to natural language processing (NLP) is still a less explored direction.
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dLLM: Simple Diffusion Language Modeling (2026.acl-demo)

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Challenge: diffusion language models (DLMs) are evolving rapidly but many lack transparent implementations or are scattered across codebases.
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DiffLM: Controllable Synthetic Data Generation via Diffusion Language Models (2025.findings-acl)

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Private Synthetic Text Generation with Diffusion Models (2025.naacl-long)

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Challenge: Recent research shows diffusion models are capable of generating synthetics texts . but are they also good in generating private data if the training was under differential privacy?
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