Challenge: Complaining is an expression of negative emotions communicated due to a discrepancy between reality and expectations.
Approach: They propose to use an explainable complaint dataset to generate a commonsense-aware generative framework that can predict the complaint cause, severity level, emotion, and polarity of the text.
Outcome: The proposed model can predict the complaint cause, severity level, emotion, and polarity of the text in addition to detecting whether it is a complaint or not.

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Challenge: a significant gap exists in understanding code-mixed languages and the need for explainability in this context.
Approach: They propose to annotate posts with four labels to identify bullies in code-mixed languages . they propose to use a generative framework to reimagine the multitask problem as a text-to-text generation task.
Outcome: The proposed model outperforms baseline models and state-of-the-art models on the BullyExplain dataset.
Federated Meta-Learning for Emotion and Sentiment Aware Multi-modal Complaint Identification (2023.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Existing studies on complaint identification are limited to text.
Approach: They propose a meta-learning-based multi-modal multi-task framework for identifying complaints using emotion recognition and sentiment analysis as auxiliary tasks.
Outcome: The proposed framework outperforms baselines and state-of-the-art approaches in centralized and federated meta-learning settings.
Towards Explainable NLP: A Generative Explanation Framework for Text Classification (P19-1)

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Challenge: Existing approaches for explainable machine learning systems focus on interpreting outputs or connections between inputs and outputs.
Approach: They propose a generative explanation framework that learns to make classification decisions and generates fine-grained explanations at the same time.
Outcome: The proposed framework surpasses all baselines on two datasets and generates concise explanations at the same time.
Improve Interpretability of Neural Networks via Sparse Contrastive Coding (2022.findings-emnlp)

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Challenge: XAI has achieved remarkable advances, but few efforts have been devoted to solving the problem.
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Complaint Identification in Social Media with Transformer Networks (2020.coling-main)

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Challenge: Existing work on identifying complaints in social media has focused on feature-based and task-specific neural network models.
Approach: They evaluate a battery of neural models underpinned by transformer networks and combine them with linguistic information to predict complaints.
Outcome: The proposed models outperform state-of-the-art methods on a publicly available dataset achieving a macro F1 up to 87.
Modeling the Severity of Complaints in Social Media (2021.naacl-main)

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Challenge: Complaining is a speech act used by humans to communicate a negative mismatch between reality and expectations . recent work on modeling complaints in natural language processing (NLP) has focused on distinguishing complaints from non-complaints in social media.
Approach: They propose to classify complaints into various severity levels based on the face-threat that the complainer is willing to undertake and their purpose.
Outcome: The proposed model achieves 55.7 macro F1 on binary complaint classification and 88.2 macro F1.
SenticNet 7: A Commonsense-based Neurosymbolic AI Framework for Explainable Sentiment Analysis (2022.lrec-1)

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Challenge: Despite recent advances, AI still struggles with complex tasks that require commonsense reasoning such as natural language understanding.
Approach: They propose a commonsense-based framework that aims to overcome these limitations in the context of sentiment analysis.
Outcome: The proposed framework overcomes these limitations in the context of sentiment analysis.
InterroLang: Exploring NLP Models and Datasets through Dialogue-based Explanations (2023.findings-emnlp)

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Challenge: Recent work on NLP explainability methods lacks a dialogue-based interpretability framework that can convey faithful explanations in human-understandable terms.
Approach: They adapt the conversational explanation framework TalkToModel to the NLP domain and add new NLP-specific operations such as free-text rationalization to illustrate its generalizability.
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A Survey of the State of Explainable AI for Natural Language Processing (2020.aacl-main)

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Challenge: Recent years have seen significant advances in the quality of state-of-the-art models, but they have come at the expense of models becoming less interpretable.
Approach: This survey examines the current state of Explainable AI within the domain of NLP . they detail the operations and explainability techniques currently available for generating explanations for NLP models .
Outcome: This survey examines the state of explainable AI (XAI) within the domain of natural language processing . it focuses on the operations and explainability techniques currently available for NLP models .
LESA: Linguistic Encapsulation and Semantic Amalgamation Based Generalised Claim Detection from Online Content (2021.eacl-main)

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Challenge: Existing work on claim detection is built on the basis of a 'segregation' of claims across different domains.
Approach: They propose a generalized generalized model that captures syntactic features through part-of-speech and dependency embeddings, as well as contextual features through a fine-tuned language model.
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