Challenge: Automated diagnosis (AD) is a critical application of AI in healthcare . despite its simplicity and superior performance, a decline in disease diagnosis accuracy is observed .
Approach: They propose a new collaborative disease and symptom generation framework to improve automatic diagnosis.
Outcome: The Transformer-based method achieves an average 2.3% improvement over previous state-of-the-art methods . it can be used to query patients about their symptoms and health concerns .

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JPG - Jointly Learn to Align: Automated Disease Prediction and Radiology Report Generation (2022.coling-1)

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Challenge: Existing methods rarely consider cross-modal alignment between textual and visual features and ignore disease tags as auxiliary for report generation.
Approach: They propose a "Jointly learning framework for automated disease Prediction and radiology report Generation" the framework integrates cross-modal alignment between textual and visual features and disease tags to improve the quality of reports.
Outcome: The proposed framework improves the quality of radiology reports by combining the main task and auxiliary tasks.
Task-oriented Dialogue System for Automatic Diagnosis (P18-2)

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Challenge: Existing methods to identify phenotypes using electronic health records (EHRs) are expensive and difficult to transfer models from one disease to another.
Approach: They propose a task-oriented dialogue system framework to make diagnosis for patients automatically, which can converse with patients to collect additional symptoms beyond their self-reports.
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Auxiliary Knowledge-Induced Learning for Automatic Multi-Label Medical Document Classification (2024.lrec-main)

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Challenge: Existing methods for ICD indexing use machine learning to assign subset of codes to medical records . experimental results show proposed method achieves state-of-the-art performance on a number of measures.
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Prediction-Augmented Generation for Automatic Diagnosis Tasks (2025.findings-acl)

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Challenge: Large language models (LLMs) adopt autoregressive architecture, predicting the next word token based on the preceding context.
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SYMPTOMIFY: Transforming Symptom Annotations with Language Model Knowledge Harvesting (2023.findings-emnlp)

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Challenge: a new dataset of annotated vaccine adverse reaction reports is aimed at improving human annotators . a continual evolution in language models and strides in few-shot learning offer promise for improvement.
Approach: They propose a resource to help human annotators improve their efficiency . they evaluate performance across various methods and learning paradigms .
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Symptom Identification for Interpretable Detection of Multiple Mental Disorders on Social Media (2022.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Mental disease detection (MDD) from social media has suffered from poor generalizability and interpretability due to lack of symptom modeling.
Approach: They propose to annotate a social media corpus of symptom classes related to 7 mental disorders using a knowledge graph and a new annotation framework to facilitate further research.
Outcome: The proposed model outperforms strong pure-text baselines and provides convincing MDD explanations with case studies.
CoD, Towards an Interpretable Medical Agent using Chain of Diagnosis (2025.findings-acl)

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Challenge: Existing large language models (LLMs) are proving to be effective in medical automatic diagnosis, but their interpretability remains unaddressed.
Approach: They propose to use a "Chain-of-Diagnosis" approach to enhance the interpretability of medical automatic diagnosis by outputting the disease confidence distribution.
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Extracting Symptoms and their Status from Clinical Conversations (P19-1)

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Challenge: Existing models for extracting symptoms from clinical conversations are inherently difficult.
Approach: They propose two new deep learning models tailored for a new application . they propose a hierarchical span-attribute tagging model and a sequence-to-sequence model .
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Towards Explainable Diagnosis: A Self-learned Explanatory Knowledge Base Approach (2026.acl-long)

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Challenge: Large language models (LLMs) have great potential to facilitate explainable diagnosis, but their effectiveness is often constrained by insufficient diagnostic expertise.
Approach: They propose a unified LLM-based framework for faithful and explainable diagnosis that builds a high-quality diagnostic knowledge base through a record-driven explanation learning paradigm.
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CHARD: Clinical Health-Aware Reasoning Across Dimensions for Text Generation Models (2023.eacl-main)

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Challenge: Existing studies show that pretrained language models can act as knowledge bases and reason like humans.
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Outcome: The proposed model can generate concise and readable text, but can be improved on medical accuracy and QA.

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