Challenge: Grapheme-to-phoneme conversion is a task of converting grapheme sequences into phoneme sequence.
Approach: They propose a Thai grapheme-to-phoneme conversion method that uses neural networks to predict the similarity between a candidate and the correct pronunciation.
Outcome: The proposed method can be applied to other languages than Thai . it is comparable to encoder-decoder models in accuracy and accuracy, it shows .

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Challenge: Existing neural machine translation models adopt a monotonic decoding order of either left-to-right or right-to left.
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Challenge: Existing work on end-to-end systems bypass the need for intermediate representations, but this approach is limited in practical applications.
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Challenge: Recent advances in machine translation have reported near human-level performance on several languages, yet their effectiveness strongly relies on the availability of large amounts of parallel sentences.
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Neural text normalization leveraging similarities of strings and sounds (2020.coling-main)

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Challenge: Existing methods that ignore the similarities of word strings and sounds do not account for these features.
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Challenge: Abstract meaning representation (AMR) is a semantic graph representation that abstracts meaning away from a sentence.
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