Challenge: Experimental results show that consistency preference for lexical chains reduces lexical translation inconsistency . Lexical translation consistency is a common discourse phenomenon .
Approach: They propose a consistency-aware model which captures consistency context . they then define consistency-tailored latent variables which guide translation of corresponding sentences .
Outcome: The proposed model significantly improves translation performance in ChineseEnglish and FrenchEnglish translation tasks.

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Encouraging Lexical Translation Consistency for Document-Level Neural Machine Translation (2021.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Experimental results show document-level neural machine translation improves lexical consistency . inconsistent translations tend to confuse readers in some cases .
Approach: They propose to use a word link to obtain a document word link and an auxiliary loss function to constrain that their translation should be consistent.
Outcome: The proposed approach improves translation consistency on ChineseEnglish and EnglishFrench translation tasks.
Evaluation Dataset for Lexical Translation Consistency in Chinese-to-English Document-level Translation (2024.lrec-main)

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Challenge: Existing studies on document-level neural machine translation (NMT) assume that all repeated source words should be translated consistently.
Approach: They construct a test set of 310 bilingual news articles to evaluate lexical translation consistency.
Outcome: The proposed test sets show that translation consistency is consistent across multiple languages.
On Search Strategies for Document-Level Neural Machine Translation (2023.findings-acl)

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Challenge: Document-level neural machine translation models produce a more consistent output across a document . however, the exact decoding strategy is often not described and not mentioned at all.
Approach: They propose to use standard automatic metrics and specific linguistic phenomena to compare different decoding schemes.
Outcome: The proposed decoding strategies perform similar to each other on three standard document-level translation benchmarks.
Corpora for Document-Level Neural Machine Translation (2020.lrec-1)

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Challenge: Document-level machine translation models translate sentences in isolation, but there are three main problems for document-level models.
Approach: They propose to use document-level machine translation to capture discourse dependencies across sentences by considering a document as a whole.
Outcome: The proposed method captures discourse dependencies across sentences by considering a document as a whole.
Lexical Translation Inconsistency-Aware Document-Level Translation Repair (2023.findings-acl)

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Challenge: Experimental results show document-level translation repair improves translation consistency but still suffers from lexical translation inconsistency due to the lack of inter-sentence context.
Approach: They propose a document-level translation repair model to model translation inconsistency via automatic post-editing.
Outcome: The proposed model improves translation quality and lexical consistency on document-level translation datasets.
Hierarchical Modeling of Global Context for Document-Level Neural Machine Translation (D19-1)

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Challenge: Document-level machine translation (MT) remains challenging due to the difficulty in efficiently using document context.
Approach: They propose a hierarchical model to learn document context for document-level neural machine translation . they use a sentence encoder to capture intra-sentence dependencies and a document encoder .
Outcome: The proposed model significantly improves document-level translation performance over strong baselines.
Bridging the Gap between Training and Inference for Neural Machine Translation (P19-1)

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Challenge: Neural Machine Translation generates target words sequentially while at inference it has to generate the entire sequence from scratch.
Approach: They propose to use ground truth and inference to generate target words sequentially while at inference it has to generate the entire sequence from scratch.
Outcome: Experiments on Chinese->English and WMT’14 English->German translation tasks show that the proposed model can achieve significant improvements on multiple datasets.
Improving Lexical Choice in Neural Machine Translation (N18-1)

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Challenge: False positives: the output layer rewards frequent words disproportionately, we argue . Falsibles: a model that learns word representations in continuous space tends to translate rare words .
Approach: They propose to fix the norms of both vectors to a constant value and integrate a lexical module which is jointly trained with the rest of the model.
Outcome: The proposed approach achieves improvements of up to +4.3 BLEU surpassing phrase-based translation in nearly all settings.
Domain Adaptation of Neural Machine Translation by Lexicon Induction (P19-1)

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Challenge: Neural machine translation (NMT) is sensitive to domain shift, resulting in failure for sentences with large numbers of unknown words and lack of supervision for domain-specific words.
Approach: They propose an unsupervised method which fine-tunes a pre-trained out-of-domain NMT model using a pseudo-in-domain corpus.
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Language Modeling, Lexical Translation, Reordering: The Training Process of NMT through the Lens of Classical SMT (2021.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Statistical MT decomposes the translation task into distinct components that are learned separately.
Approach: They show that neural machine translation models acquire different competences over the course of training . previous work shows how to improve some of the competences in NMT by using lexical translation probabilities, phrase memories, alignment information.
Outcome: The proposed model improves translation quality and word-by-word translation, while learning complex reordering patterns.

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