Challenge: Existing back-translation methods focus on in-domain lexical knowledge, which may lead to poor translation of unseen in- domain words.
Approach: They propose an iterative constrained back-translation method to incorporate in-domain lexical knowledge into synthetic parallel data from BT.
Outcome: The proposed method improves the BLEU score by up to 3.08 on four domains.

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Domain Adaptation of Neural Machine Translation by Lexicon Induction (P19-1)

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Challenge: Neural machine translation (NMT) is sensitive to domain shift, resulting in failure for sentences with large numbers of unknown words and lack of supervision for domain-specific words.
Approach: They propose an unsupervised method which fine-tunes a pre-trained out-of-domain NMT model using a pseudo-in-domain corpus.
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Improving Lexically Constrained Neural Machine Translation with Source-Conditioned Masked Span Prediction (2021.acl-short)

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Challenge: Accurate terminology translation is crucial for ensuring the practicality and reliability of neural machine translation systems.
Approach: They propose a method to preserve terminology in translations as lexical constraints with or without a term dictionary at test time.
Outcome: The proposed setup achieves consistent improvements on terminology and sentence-level translation for three domain-specific corpora in two language pairs.
Iterative Domain-Repaired Back-Translation (2020.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Existing studies show that NMT models perform poorly in specific domains when in-domain parallel corpora are scarce or nonexistent.
Approach: They propose an iterative domain-repaired back-translation framework to refine translations in bilingual data by round-trip translating monolingual sentences.
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Filtering Back-Translated Data in Unsupervised Neural Machine Translation (2020.coling-main)

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Challenge: Current state of the art approaches for unsupervised neural machine translation (NMT) use only monolingual data for training.
Approach: They propose an approach to filter back-translated data as part of the training process of unsupervised neural machine translation (NMT) they propose a weight component based on the quality of pseudo parallel sentence pairs generated in back-translation phase.
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Non-Parametric Unsupervised Domain Adaptation for Neural Machine Translation (2021.findings-emnlp)

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Challenge: kNN-MT is a non-parametric method that uses nearest neighbor retrieval to translate out-of-domain sentences, rare words, etc.
Approach: They propose a framework that directly uses in-domain monolingual sentences to build an effective datastore for k-nearest-neighbor retrieval.
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Iterative Nearest Neighbour Machine Translation for Unsupervised Domain Adaptation (2023.findings-acl)

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Challenge: Existing methods for supervised domain adaptation of machine translation focus on fine-tuning, which is non-extensible.
Approach: They propose to perform unsupervised domain adaptation in a non-parametric manner by using in-domain monolingual data and performing nearest neighbour inference on both forward and backward directions.
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Iterative Dual Domain Adaptation for Neural Machine Translation (D19-1)

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Challenge: Empirical results on Chinese-English and English-German translation tasks demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed framework.
Approach: They propose an iterative dual domain adaptation framework for neural machine translation that uses multiple corpora to perform bidirectional translation knowledge transfer.
Outcome: Empirical results on Chinese-English and English-German translation tasks demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed framework.
Neighbors Are Not Strangers: Improving Non-Autoregressive Translation under Low-Frequency Lexical Constraints (2022.naacl-main)

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Challenge: Existing approaches to lexically constrained neural machine translation suffer from high latency.
Approach: They propose a plug-in algorithm for non-autoregressive translation for this problem . they propose ACT to familiarize the model with the source-side context of constraints .
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Neural Machine Translation Decoding with Terminology Constraints (N18-2)

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Challenge: Constrained neural machine translation systems can provide excellent quality but do not strictly enforce terminology.
Approach: They propose a framework for constrained neural decoding which supports target-side constraints as well as constraints with corresponding aligned input text spans.
Outcome: The proposed framework performs well on multiple translation tasks and motivates the need for constrained decoding with attentions to reduce misplacement and duplication when translating user constraints.
Unsupervised Domain Adaptation for Neural Machine Translation with Domain-Aware Feature Embeddings (D19-1)

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Challenge: Recent studies have focused on domain adaptation for neural machine translation systems where in-domain data is scarce or nonexistent.
Approach: They propose an approach that adapts models with domain-aware feature embeddings, which are learned via an auxiliary language modeling task.
Outcome: The proposed model performs better in multiple experimental settings and with back translation.

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