Challenge: Empirical results suggest that RoMe has a stronger correlation to human judgment over state-of-the-art metrics in evaluating system-generated sentences across several NLG tasks.
Approach: They propose an automatic evaluation metric incorporating several core aspects of natural language understanding (language competence, syntactic and semantic variation).
Outcome: The proposed evaluation metric is trained on language features such as semantic similarity combined with tree edit distance and grammatical acceptability, using a self-supervised neural network.

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A Tutorial on Evaluation Metrics used in Natural Language Generation (2021.naacl-tutorials)

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Challenge: This tutorial presents the evolution of automatic evaluation metrics to their current state along with emerging trends in this field.
Approach: This tutorial presents the evolution of automatic evaluation metrics to their current state . it aims to assess the extent of scientific progress made and identify areas/components that need improvement .
Outcome: This tutorial presents the evolution of automatic evaluation metrics to their current state along with emerging trends in this field.
Curious Case of Language Generation Evaluation Metrics: A Cautionary Tale (2020.coling-main)

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Challenge: a few popular metrics are still used to evaluate language generation systems despite their known limitations.
Approach: They propose to use automatic metrics to evaluate language generation systems . they show that they prefer system outputs to human-authored texts .
Outcome: The proposed metrics are insensitive to correct translations of rare words and can yield high scores when given a single sentence as system output for the entire test set.
NLG-Metricverse: An End-to-End Library for Evaluating Natural Language Generation (2022.coling-1)

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Challenge: Natural language generation models are a key component of deep learning, says aaron eliott . he says it is crucial to develop and apply better metrics for NLG evaluation .
Approach: a new open-source library for NLG evaluation is created to facilitate researchers to judge the effectiveness of their models. the framework provides a living collection of NLG metrics in a unified and easy-to-use environment.
Outcome: a new open-source library for NLG evaluation aims to improve performance of models . the framework provides tools to apply, analyze, compare, and visualize the metrics .
Leveraging Large Language Models for NLG Evaluation: Advances and Challenges (2024.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: introducing Large Language Models (LLMs) has opened new avenues for assessing generated content quality, e.g., coherence, creativity, and context relevance.
Approach: They propose a taxonomy for organizing existing LLM-based evaluation metrics and a structured framework to understand and compare them.
Outcome: The proposed taxonomy offers a framework to understand and compare LLM-based evaluation methods.
Semantic Accuracy in Natural Language Generation: A Thesis Proposal (2023.acl-srw)

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Challenge: Using large pre-trained language models, it is essential to research their reliability . if a human does not know the answer to a question, the socially acceptable behavior is to say 'I do not know' failing to fulfill this expectation can lead to distrust, or spread of misinformation.
Approach: They propose a method for evaluating semantic accuracy and a benchmark for NLG metrics.
Outcome: The proposed method evaluates semantic accuracy and provides a benchmark for NLG metrics.
Perturbation CheckLists for Evaluating NLG Evaluation Metrics (2021.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Existing evaluation metrics for natural language generation are inadequate . existing metrics are not robust against simple perturbations and disagree with scores assigned by humans to perturbed output.
Approach: They propose to propose checks which perturb the output and target a specific criteria and then use them to refine their evaluation.
Outcome: The proposed templates show that existing evaluation metrics are not robust against simple perturbations and disagree with human scores on the perturbed output.
MENLI: Robust Evaluation Metrics from Natural Language Inference (2023.tacl-1)

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Challenge: Recent proposed BERT-based evaluation metrics for text generation are vulnerable to adversarial attacks, e.g., relating to information correctness.
Approach: They propose to use BERT-based evaluation metrics for text generation to evaluate text for semantic similarity but are vulnerable to adversarial attacks using Natural Language Inference.
Outcome: The proposed metrics outperform existing summarization metrics but perform below SOTA MT metrics on standard benchmarks.
Evaluating Evaluation Metrics: A Framework for Analyzing NLG Evaluation Metrics using Measurement Theory (2023.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Existing evaluation metrics are conflated and can mislead models, resulting in downstream harms.
Approach: They propose a framework for conceptualizing and evaluating the reliability and validity of evaluation metrics based on empirical data.
Outcome: The proposed framework formalizes the source of measurement error and offers statistical tools for evaluating evaluation metrics based on empirical data.
Compression, Transduction, and Creation: A Unified Framework for Evaluating Natural Language Generation (2021.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Natural language generation (NLG) tasks have complex nature and require manual evaluation.
Approach: They propose a unifying perspective based on the nature of information change in NLG tasks . they propose 'information alignment' metrics that can be used to evaluate different aspects of NLG .
Outcome: The proposed metrics achieve stronger or comparable correlations with human judgement compared to state-of-the-art metrics in diverse tasks.
On the Blind Spots of Model-Based Evaluation Metrics for Text Generation (2023.acl-long)

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Challenge: Existing methods for text generation evaluation metrics are lacking in robustness analysis.
Approach: They propose to use stress tests to test for errors in text generation evaluation metrics . they find that BERTScore is confused by truncation errors in summarization .
Outcome: The proposed stress tests show that they are insensitive to errors in open-ended generation, translation, and summarization.

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