Papers by Xiaohan Xu

12 papers
V-ALPHASOCIAL: Benchmark and Self-Reflective Chain-of-Thought Generation for Visual Social Commonsense Reasoning (2025.findings-acl)

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Challenge: Social commonsense reasoning is a multimodal task that requires both textual and visual cues.
Approach: They propose a method that integrates visual cues into social commonsense reasoning tasks.
Outcome: The proposed method improves social commonsense reasoning on a multimodal foundation model.
AlignBench: Benchmarking Chinese Alignment of Large Language Models (2024.acl-long)

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Challenge: Effective evaluation of alignment for emerging Chinese LLMs is still significantly lacking, calling for real-scenario grounded, open-ended, challenging and automatic evaluations tailored for alignment.
Approach: They propose a multi-dimensional benchmark for evaluating LLMs’ alignment in Chinese with 8 main categories, 683 real-scenario rooted queries and corresponding human verified references.
Outcome: The benchmark uses a human-in-the-loop data curation pipeline, 683 real-scenario rooted queries and human verified references.
Communication Efficient Federated Learning for Multilingual Neural Machine Translation with Adapter (2023.findings-acl)

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Challenge: Existing frameworks for federated multilingual neural machine translation (Fed-MNMT) are limited in language resources.
Approach: They propose a framework that keeps PLMs frozen and only transfers lightweight adapter modules between clients.
Outcome: The proposed framework reduces communication cost by over 98% while achieving similar or even better performance compared to baselines.
ChatGLM-Math: Improving Math Problem-Solving in Large Language Models with a Self-Critique Pipeline (2024.findings-emnlp)

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Challenge: Large language models (LLMs) have shown excellent mastering of human language but struggle in real-world applications that require mathematical problem-solving.
Approach: They propose a pipeline to train a general Math-Critique model from the LLM itself to provide feedback signals and employ rejective fine-tuning and direct preference optimization over the Llm's own generations for data collection.
Outcome: The proposed pipeline outperforms existing LLMs that could be two times larger.
Holistic Sentence Embeddings for Better Out-of-Distribution Detection (2022.findings-emnlp)

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Challenge: Pretrained language models have shown superior performance for textual OOD detection, but they estimate sample distance scores in the last-layer CLS embedding space.
Approach: They propose to use token averaging and layer combination to boost OOD detection by deriving more holistic sentence embeddings.
Outcome: The proposed method surpasses the state-of-the-art on a comprehensive suite of benchmarks by a 9.33% FAR95 margin.
Leveraging Large Language Models for NLG Evaluation: Advances and Challenges (2024.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: introducing Large Language Models (LLMs) has opened new avenues for assessing generated content quality, e.g., coherence, creativity, and context relevance.
Approach: They propose a taxonomy for organizing existing LLM-based evaluation metrics and a structured framework to understand and compare them.
Outcome: The proposed taxonomy offers a framework to understand and compare LLM-based evaluation methods.
Re-Reading Improves Reasoning in Large Language Models (2024.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Unlike thought-eliciting prompting methods, RE2 shifts the focus to the input by processing questions twice, thereby enhancing the understanding process.
Approach: They introduce a simple, yet general and effective prompting method, RE2, which rereads the question as input.
Outcome: The proposed method demonstrates strong generality and compatibility with most thought-eliciting prompting methods, including CoT.
EasyEdit: An Easy-to-use Knowledge Editing Framework for Large Language Models (2024.acl-demos)

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Challenge: Large Language Models (LLMs) suffer from knowledge cutoff or fallacy issues, which means they are unaware of unseen events or generate text with incorrect facts owing to outdated/noisy data.
Approach: They propose an easy-to-use knowledge editing framework for Large Language Models that allows users to easily edit updated knowledge and adjust undesired behavior while minimizing the impact on unrelated inputs.
Outcome: The proposed framework surpasses traditional fine-tuning in terms of reliability and generalization.
Expose Backdoors on the Way: A Feature-Based Efficient Defense against Textual Backdoor Attacks (2022.findings-emnlp)

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Challenge: Existing online backdoor defense methods for NLP models focus on anomalies at input or output level, causing fragility to adaptive attacks and high computational cost.
Approach: They propose a feature-based online defense method to detect poisoned samples . they use a distance-based anomaly score to distinguish poisones from clean samples based on feature-level regularization .
Outcome: The proposed method outperforms existing methods in sentiment analysis and offense detection tasks.
AlignMMBench: Evaluating Chinese Multimodal Alignment in Large Vision-Language Models (2025.acl-long)

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Challenge: Existing benchmarks focus on basic abilities using nonverbal methods, such as yes-no and multiple-choice questions.
Approach: They propose a benchmark that provides more nuanced evaluations of alignment capabilities for large Vision-Language Models (VLMs) they use a rule-calibrated evaluator that exceeds GPT-4's evaluation ability and a “alignment score” to assess the robustness and stability of models across diverse prompts.
Outcome: The proposed benchmark covers 13 tasks across three categories and includes both single-turn and multi-turn dialogue scenarios.
Fine-Tuning Deteriorates General Textual Out-of-Distribution Detection by Distorting Task-Agnostic Features (2023.findings-eacl)

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Challenge: Existing methods for detecting out-of-distribution inputs are underexplored . detecting semantic and non-semantic shifts is difficult for pre-tuned pre-trainers .
Approach: They propose a general OOD score that integrates confidence scores from task-agnostic and task-specific representations to improve detecting semantic and non-semantic shifts.
Outcome: The proposed method improves on two cross-task benchmarks with semantic and non-semantic shifts.
A Cause-Effect Look at Alleviating Hallucination of Knowledge-grounded Dialogue Generation (2024.lrec-main)

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Challenge: Existing dialogue systems have demonstrated impressive performance conducting fluent and natural-sounding conversations, but they are plagued by the Knowledge Hallucination problem.
Approach: They propose a method that exploits the dialogue-knowledge interaction to reduce hallucination by using external knowledge resources to generate more informative responses.
Outcome: The proposed method reduces hallucination without disrupting other dialogue performance while keeping adaptive to different generation models.

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