The Stem Cell Hypothesis: Dilemma behind Multi-Task Learning with Transformer Encoders (2021.emnlp-main)
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| Challenge: | Multi-task learning with transformer encoders (MTL) has emerged as a powerful technique to improve performance on closely-related tasks for both accuracy and efficiency. |
| Approach: | They propose a multi-task learning technique that uses transformer encoders to improve performance on closely-related tasks. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method performs better on five NLP tasks than single-task learning on similar tasks. |
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Arijit Sehanobish, McCullen Sandora, Nabila Abraham, Jayashri Pawar, Danielle Torres, Anasuya Das, Murray Becker, Richard Herzog, Benjamin Odry, Ron Vianu
| Challenge: | Pretrained Transformer based models finetuned on domain specific corpora have changed the landscape of NLP but training or fine-tuning these models for individual tasks can be time consuming and resource intensive. |
| Approach: | They propose to use pretrained Transformer based models finetuned on domain specific corpora to train models for individual tasks. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model can match the performance of a task specific model when the task specific models show similar representations across all of their hidden layers and their gradients are aligned, i.e. their gradient follows the same direction. |
How does Multi-Task Training Affect Transformer In-Context Capabilities? Investigations with Function Classes (2024.naacl-short)
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| Challenge: | Multi-task learning (MTL) for generalist models is a promising direction that offers transfer learning potential. |
| Approach: | They propose to combine multi-task learning (MTL) with in-context learning (ICL) to build models that can generalize to multiple tasks while being robust to out-of-distribution examples. |
| Outcome: | The proposed training strategies enable models to learn difficult tasks while mixing in prior tasks, denoted as mixed curriculum. |
Multi-Task Learning for Sequence Tagging: An Empirical Study (C18-1)
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| Challenge: | Existing work on "pairwise" MTL has been validated in sequence tagging but key issues remain about its effectiveness. |
| Approach: | They propose three general multi-task learning approaches on 11 sequence tagging tasks. |
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Multi-task Active Learning for Pre-trained Transformer-based Models (2022.tacl-1)
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| Challenge: | Multi-task learning requires annotating the same text with multiple annotation schemes, which can be costly and laborious. |
| Approach: | They propose to use multi-task active learning paradigm to optimize annotation processes by iteratively selecting unlabeled examples whose annotation is most valuable for the NLP model. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model minimizes annotation efforts for multi-task NLP models by iterating on the most valuable examples. |
When to Use Multi-Task Learning vs Intermediate Fine-Tuning for Pre-Trained Encoder Transfer Learning (2022.acl-short)
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| Challenge: | Transfer learning (TL) in natural language processing has seen a surge of interest in recent years . pre-trained models have shown impressive ability to transfer to novel tasks . |
| Approach: | They compare two different methods of transfer learning in natural language processing to find out which is better. |
| Outcome: | The proposed methods perform better when the target task has fewer instances than the supporting task and vice versa. |
SC-LSTM: Learning Task-Specific Representations in Multi-Task Learning for Sequence Labeling (N19-1)
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| Challenge: | Multi-task learning (MTL) has been studied for sequence labeling tasks . auxiliary tasks are selected specifically to improve performance of a target task . |
| Approach: | They propose a shared-cell long-short-term memory cell which contains shared parameters that can learn from all tasks and task-specific parameters that could learn task-related information. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model can learn from all tasks and task-specific parameters. |
When Does Aggregating Multiple Skills with Multi-Task Learning Work? A Case Study in Financial NLP (2023.acl-long)
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| Challenge: | Multi-task learning (MTL) is a machine learning paradigm where multiple learning tasks are optimized simultaneously, exploiting commonalities and differences across them. |
| Approach: | They propose a parameter-efficient MTL architecture to improve task aggregation and to include loosely related skills from multiple datasets. |
| Outcome: | The proposed architecture outperforms single-task learning (STL) and is expected to outperformed it. |
A Survey of Multi-task Learning in Natural Language Processing: Regarding Task Relatedness and Training Methods (2023.eacl-main)
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| Challenge: | Multi-task learning is a popular approach in natural language processing because of its commonalities and differences. |
| Approach: | They propose to summarize recent advances in multi-task learning methods based on their task relatedness into two general multi-step training methods. |
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Bag-of-Words Transfer: Non-Contextual Techniques for Multi-Task Learning (D19-61)
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| Challenge: | Existing approaches to multi-task learning take advantage of transfer among tasks . generative reconstruction of the observations is not included in the standard framework . |
| Approach: | They propose to use a syntactically-oblivious pooling encoder and pre-trained word embeddings to improve sentence-level representations. |
| Outcome: | The proposed techniques yield similar performance on a universe of task combinations while reducing training time and model size. |
Adaptive Knowledge Sharing in Multi-Task Learning: Improving Low-Resource Neural Machine Translation (P18-2)
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| Challenge: | Neural Machine Translation (NMT) requires large amounts of bilingual data to learn a translation model with reasonable quality. |
| Approach: | They propose to extend recurrent units with multiple "blocks" along with a trainable "routing network" this allows for adaptive collaboration by dynamic sharing of blocks conditioned on the task at hand, input, and model state. |
| Outcome: | Empirical evaluations of two low-resource translation tasks show +1 BLEU score improvements compared to strong baselines. |