Challenge: Trankit is a lightweight, pre-trained toolkit for multilingual natural language processing.
Approach: They propose a transformer-based toolkit for multilingual natural language processing that trains pipelines over 100 languages and 90 pretrained pipelines for 56 languages.
Outcome: The proposed tool outperforms existing pipelines over sentence segmentation, part-of-speech tagging, morphological feature tabbing, and dependency parsing while maintaining competitive performance over tokenization, multi-word token expansion, and lemmatization over 90 Universal Dependencies treebanks.

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VECO: Variable and Flexible Cross-lingual Pre-training for Language Understanding and Generation (2021.acl-long)

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Challenge: Existing work in multilingual pretraining relies on the shared vocabulary and bilingual contexts to encourage the correlation across languages.
Approach: They propose to plug a cross-attention module into a Transformer encoder to explicitly build the interdependence between languages.
Outcome: The proposed model outperforms existing models on XTREME and English-to-French translation datasets.
mLongT5: A Multilingual and Efficient Text-To-Text Transformer for Longer Sequences (2023.findings-emnlp)

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Challenge: a new text-to-text transformer is suitable for multilingual inputs . many of the current models are English-only, making them inapplicable to other languages.
Approach: They propose to extend a multilingual text-to-text transformer to handle long inputs . they use the mC4 dataset to pretrain the model to handle multilingual data .
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mT5: A Massively Multilingual Pre-trained Text-to-Text Transformer (2021.naacl-main)

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Challenge: Current natural language processing pipelines often use transfer learning, where a model is pre-trained on a data-rich task before being fine-tuned on . this significantly limits their use given that roughly 80% of the world population does not speak English.
Approach: They introduce a multilingual variant of T5 that was pre-trained on a new Common Crawl-based dataset covering 101 languages.
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Transformers: State-of-the-Art Natural Language Processing (2020.emnlp-demos)

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Challenge: Transformers is an open-source library that aims to open up advances in natural language processing to the wider machine learning community.
Approach: they propose an open-source library that aims to open up advances in machine learning to the wider community.
Outcome: Transformers is an open-source library with the goal of opening up these advances to the wider machine learning community.
WECHSEL: Effective initialization of subword embeddings for cross-lingual transfer of monolingual language models (2022.naacl-main)

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Challenge: Existing methods to train large pretrained language models require more computational resources and are expensive to train in other languages.
Approach: They propose a method to transfer pretrained language models to new languages using subword-based tokenization and embeddings.
Outcome: The proposed method outperforms existing methods on low-resource languages and makes training large models more accessible and less damaging to the environment.
Lifting the Curse of Multilinguality by Pre-training Modular Transformers (2022.naacl-main)

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Challenge: Recent work on multilingual pre-trained models has focused on pre-training transformers on concatenated corpora of a large number of languages.
Approach: They propose a language-specific module approach that allows for more languages to be trained post-hoc.
Outcome: The proposed model can be pre-trained on multiple languages with no drop in performance .
Adapters: A Unified Library for Parameter-Efficient and Modular Transfer Learning (2023.emnlp-demo)

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Challenge: Adapters is an open-source library that unifies parameter-efficient and modular transfer learning in large language models.
Approach: They propose to integrate 10 different methods into a unified interface for parameter-efficient and modular transfer learning in large language models.
Outcome: The proposed library is able to perform on multiple NLP tasks and is open-source.
mT6: Multilingual Pretrained Text-to-Text Transformer with Translation Pairs (2021.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Multilingual T5 pretrains a sequence-to-sequence model on monolingual texts, but it has shown promising results on many cross-lingual tasks.
Approach: They propose a partially non-autoregressive objective for text-to-text pre-training and propose mT6 to improve cross-lingual transferability over multilingual T5.
Outcome: The proposed model improves cross-lingual transferability over existing models.
AdapterHub: A Framework for Adapting Transformers (2020.emnlp-demos)

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Challenge: AdapterHub framework enables dynamic “stiching-in” of pre-trained adapters for different tasks and languages.
Approach: They propose a framework that allows dynamic "stiching-in" of pre-trained adapters for different tasks and languages.
Outcome: The proposed framework allows dynamic “stiching-in” of pre-trained adapters for different tasks and languages.
Robust Transfer Learning with Pretrained Language Models through Adapters (2021.acl-short)

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Challenge: Existing approaches to transfer learning with pretrained transformer-based language models are not robust and can be adversarial.
Approach: They propose a simple yet effective adapter-based approach to fine-tune language models on downstream tasks.
Outcome: The proposed approach improves stability and adversarial robustness in transfer learning to various downstream tasks.

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