Challenge: Existing non-autoregressive neural machine translation methods are either inferior to Transformer or require multiple decoding passes, leading to reduced speedup.
Approach: They propose a Glancing Language Model (GLM) for single-pass parallel generation models and Glancing Transformer (GLAT) with only single- pass decoding, GLAT is able to generate high-quality translation with 8-15 speedup.
Outcome: The proposed model outperforms all previous non-autoregressive methods on multiple language directions and is nearly comparable to Transformer.

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Challenge: Existing non-autoregressive neural machine translation models are slow to learn the dependency between output tokens.
Approach: They propose to use fully non-autoregressive neural machine translation (NAT) to predict tokens with single forward of neural networks.
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Diffusion Glancing Transformer for Parallel Sequence-to-Sequence Learning (2024.naacl-long)

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Challenge: Experimental results show that non-autoregressive generation models are superior in generation efficiency but inferior in generation quality.
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Enriching Non-Autoregressive Transformer with Syntactic and Semantic Structures for Neural Machine Translation (2021.eacl-main)

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Challenge: Existing non-autoregressive models have boosted the efficiency of neural machine translation, but their performance is significantly worse than that of autoregressive counterparts.
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Diffusion Directed Acyclic Transformer for Non-Autoregressive Machine Translation (2025.acl-short)

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Challenge: Non-autoregressive transformers (NATs) often encounter performance challenges due to the multi-modality problem.
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Non-Autoregressive Neural Machine Translation: A Call for Clarity (2022.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Non-autoregressive translation models require a single forward pass to generate the output sequence instead of iteratively producing each predicted token.
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Syntactically Supervised Transformers for Faster Neural Machine Translation (P19-1)

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Challenge: Standard decoders for neural machine translation generate a single token per timestep, which slows inference . a series of controlled experiments demonstrates that SynST decodes sentences 5x faster than the baseline autoregressive Transformer.
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Semi-Autoregressive Neural Machine Translation (D18-1)

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Challenge: Existing approaches to neural machine translation are typically autoregressive but suffer from low parallelizability and thus slow at decoding long sequences.
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Retrieving Sequential Information for Non-Autoregressive Neural Machine Translation (P19-1)

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Challenge: Experimental results show that the Reinforce-NAT system surpasses the baseline NAT system by a significant margin on BLEU without decelerating the decoding speed.
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Low-resource Neural Machine Translation: Benchmarking State-of-the-art Transformer for Wolof<->French (2022.lrec-1)

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Imitation Learning for Non-Autoregressive Neural Machine Translation (P19-1)

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Challenge: Existing non-autoregressive translation models lack parallel decoding, which is a bottleneck for NMT decoding.
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