Challenge: Named entity recognition (NER) is the task of identifying text spans associated with proper names and classifying them according to their semantic class such as person or organization.
Approach: They propose a method that treats the tag sequence for nested entities as the second best path within the span of their parent entity.
Outcome: The proposed method achieves F1-scores of 85.82%, 84.34%, and 77.36% on ACE-2004, ACE 2005, and GENIA datasets.

Similar Papers

Nested Named Entity Recognition via Explicitly Excluding the Influence of the Best Path (2021.acl-long)

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Challenge: Existing methods for named entity recognition assume entities are not nested within other entities, so-called flat NER.
Approach: They propose a layered method for nested named entity recognition . they use a set of hidden states to exclude the influence of the best path .
Outcome: The proposed method performs better on ACE2004, ACE2005, and GENIA datasets.
Nested Named Entity Recognition Revisited (N18-1)

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Challenge: Existing methods for named entity recognition and mention detection ignore nested entities along with any semantic relations between them.
Approach: They propose a recurrent neural network-based approach to handle named entity recognition and nested entity mention detection simultaneously.
Outcome: The proposed model outperforms state-of-the-art methods on three standard datasets.
Neural Architectures for Nested NER through Linearization (P19-1)

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Challenge: a nested named entity recognition (NER) is a set of entities that can overlap and be labeled with more than one label.
Approach: They propose two neural network architectures for nested named entity recognition . they propose to model nesting entities as multilabels and predict a sequence-to-sequence problem .
Outcome: The proposed methods outperform the state-of-the-art on four corpora . the proposed models also improve on the recently published contextual embeddings .
Hierarchical Region Learning for Nested Named Entity Recognition (2020.findings-emnlp)

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Challenge: Existing methods to recognize entities recursively from innermost to outermost are based on brute force and two-stage paradigms, often leading to cascaded errors.
Approach: They propose a hierarchical region learning framework to automatically generate a tree hierarchy of candidate regions with nearly linear complexity and incorporate structure information into the region representation for better classification.
Outcome: Experiments on benchmark datasets ACE-2005, GENIA and JNLPBA show that the proposed framework performs better than state-of-the-art models.
Learning Nested Named Entity Recognition from Flat Annotations (2026.eacl-srw)

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Challenge: Named entity recognition (NER) requires expensive multi-level annotation.
Approach: They evaluate four approaches to learning nested structure from flat annotations alone . on NEREL, a Russian benchmark, they find the best method achieves 26.37% inner F1 .
Outcome: The proposed method closes 40% of the gap to full nested supervision on a Russian benchmark with 29 entity types where 21% of entities are nest.
Deep Exhaustive Model for Nested Named Entity Recognition (D18-1)

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Challenge: Named entity recognition (NER) is a task of finding entities with specific semantic types such as Protein, Cell, and RNA in text.
Approach: They propose a deep neural model for nested named entity recognition . they enumerate all possible regions or spans as potential entity mentions .
Outcome: The proposed model outperforms state-of-the-art models on nested and flat NER . it achieves 77.1% and 78.4% respectively in terms of F-score, without external knowledge resources.
Nested Named Entity Recognition as Single-Pass Sequence Labeling (2025.findings-emnlp)

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Challenge: nested named entity recognition is a sequence labeling task that can be trained using any off-the-shelf sequence labelling library.
Approach: They use prior work that linearizes constituency structures to create a nested named entity recognition task.
Outcome: The proposed method reduces the complexity of the predicted nested entity recognition problem to a simple token classification task.
Simple Yet Powerful: An Overlooked Architecture for Nested Named Entity Recognition (2022.coling-1)

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Challenge: Named Entity Recognition (NER) is an important task in Natural Language Processing that aims to identify text spans belonging to predefined categories.
Approach: They propose to revisit the Multiple LSTM-CRF (MLC) model, a simple, overlooked, yet powerful approach based on training independent sequence labeling models for each entity type.
Outcome: The proposed model achieves state-of-the-art results in the Chilean Waiting List corpus by including pre-trained language models.
A Neural Layered Model for Nested Named Entity Recognition (N18-1)

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Challenge: Entity mentions embedded in longer entity mentions are referred to as nested entities due to the properties of natural language.
Approach: They propose a neural model that dynamically stacks flat NER layers to identify nested entities by capturing sequential context representation with bidirectional long-term memory.
Outcome: The proposed model outperforms state-of-the-art feature-based systems on nested NER, achieving 74.7% and 72.2% on GENIA and ACE2005 datasets, respectively in terms of F-score.
Locate and Label: A Two-stage Identifier for Nested Named Entity Recognition (2021.acl-long)

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Challenge: Named entity recognition (NER) is a well-studied task in natural language processing.
Approach: They propose a method that generates span proposals and labels them with categories . they use boundary information of entities and partially matched spans to locate them .
Outcome: The proposed method outperforms state-of-the-art models on nested NER datasets.

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