Challenge: Part-of-speech tagging is a fundamental part of NLP, but it is not widely used in unstructured text processing.
Approach: They propose to use part-of-speech tags to extract information from unstructured social text in Greek and a supervised part-off-seech tagger to do so.
Outcome: The proposed method performs better on unstructured microblogging text than existing methods on structured text processing.

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SoMeWeTa: A Part-of-Speech Tagger for German Social Media and Web Texts (L18-1)

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Challenge: Off-the-shelf part-of-speech taggers perform poorly on web and social media data . this is due to the many unconventional spelling variants that occur in web and twitter texts and that result in a high proportion of out-of vocabulary words.
Approach: They propose to use TIGER corpus as a part-of-speech tagger to train a German part- of-speak tagger on the web and social media data of the EmpiriST 2015 shared task.
Outcome: The proposed tagger significantly improves on the state-of-the-art for both the web and social media data.
GR-NLP-TOOLKIT: An Open-Source NLP Toolkit for Modern Greek (2025.coling-demos)

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Challenge: GR-NLP-TOOLKIT is an open-source natural language processing toolkit for modern Greek.
Approach: They present GR-NLP-TOOLKIT, an open-source natural language processing toolkit for Greek.
Outcome: The toolkit provides state-of-the-art performance in five core NLP tasks . it can be easily installed in Python and is accessible through a demonstration platform on HuggingFace .
Distant Supervision from Disparate Sources for Low-Resource Part-of-Speech Tagging (D18-1)

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Challenge: Low-resource languages lack manual annotated data to learn basic models such as part-of-speech (POS) taggers.
Approach: They propose a cross-lingual neural part-of-speech tagger that learns from disparate sources of distant supervision in a uniform framework.
Outcome: The proposed model scales to hundreds of low-resource languages without access to gold annotated data.
LemmaTag: Jointly Tagging and Lemmatizing for Morphologically Rich Languages with BRNNs (D18-1)

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Challenge: We compare morphologically rich languages with analytical languages like English due to the large vocabulary size and data sparsity.
Approach: They propose a featureless neural network architecture that generates part-of-speech tags and lemmas for sentences by using bidirectional RNNs with character-level and word-level embeddings.
Outcome: The proposed model outperforms state-of-the-art models in Czech, German, and Arabic.
A Neural Network Model for Part-Of-Speech Tagging of Social Media Texts (L18-1)

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Challenge: Recent approaches based on end-to-end Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) have shown promising results for Natural Language Processing (NLP).
Approach: They propose a neural network model for part-of-speech (POS) tagging of User-Generated Content (UGC) such as Twitter, Facebook and Web forums that uses character and word representations.
Outcome: The proposed model is end-to-end and uses character and word representations . it is compared with existing models on social media in English, german, french, italian and spanish .
Handling Normalization Issues for Part-of-Speech Tagging of Online Conversational Text (L18-1)

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Challenge: a new approach to POS tagging noisy user generated text is proposed . word embeddings are trained on a noisy corpus to address both normalization and POS.
Approach: They propose to use word embeddings to normalize text before tagging it, while a gated neural network based tagger handles the remaining errors.
Outcome: The proposed approach normalizes some errors before tagging, while a gated neural network handles the remaining errors.
Albanian Part-of-Speech Tagging: Gold Standard and Evaluation (L18-1)

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Challenge: a corpus of more than 31,000 tokens is used for part-of-speech tagging in Albanian . a large number of multi-word units are difficult to tally, especially when they have articles or particles as their first part.
Approach: They propose a gold standard corpus for Albanian part-of-speech tagging and perform evaluation experiments with different statistical taggers.
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Toward a Lightweight Solution for Less-resourced Languages: Creating a POS Tagger for Alsatian Using Voluntary Crowdsourcing (L18-1)

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Challenge: Using a crowdsourcing platform, we collected 18,917 annotations for a less-resourced French regional language, Alsatian.
Approach: They developed a platform that allows people to gather part-of-speech annotations on a variety of corpora and train a first tagger specific to Alsatian.
Outcome: The proposed method is valid for Alsatian and can be adapted to other languages.
Domain adaptation for part-of-speech tagging of noisy user-generated text (N19-1)

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Challenge: Existing POS taggers for canonical German text achieve good results around 97% accuracy, but when applying these trained models to out-of-domain data the performance decreases drastically.
Approach: They propose a neural network that trains an out-of-domain model on a large newswire corpus and transfers those weights by using them as a prior for a model trained on the target domain.
Outcome: The proposed model achieves a tagging accuracy of slightly over 90%, improving on the previous state of the art for this task.
Part-of-Speech Tagging on an Endangered Language: a Parallel Griko-Italian Resource (C18-1)

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Challenge: a recent study examines POS tagging techniques on endangered languages . most natural language processing applications have been tested on only a handful of languages - a problem that is compounded by the lack of standard orthography.
Approach: They evaluate POS tagging techniques on an endangered language, Griko . they use a semi-supervised method with cross-lingual transfer to achieve better accuracy .
Outcome: The proposed method achieves 72.9% accuracy on a sample of 114 narratives in a language . the proposed method improves by 21 percentage points over previous methods .

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