| Challenge: | Existing algorithms for aligning cross-lingual word vector spaces assume that vector spaces are approximately isomorphic. |
| Approach: | They propose to find out whether non-isomorphism is also crucially a sign of degenerate word vector spaces. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method performs poorly on non-isomorphic spaces, but it is not . it is also crucially a sign of degenerate word vector spaces, the authors show . |
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Analyzing the Limitations of Cross-lingual Word Embedding Mappings (P19-1)
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| Challenge: | Existing methods for cross-lingual word embeddings have limited results . existing methods require little or no cross-linguistic signal to work . |
| Approach: | They compare offline mapping methods to an extension of skip-gram that jointly learns both embedding spaces. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method yields more isomorphic embeddings, is less sensitive to hubness, and achieves stronger results in bilingual lexicon induction. |
On the Robustness of Unsupervised and Semi-supervised Cross-lingual Word Embedding Learning (2020.lrec-1)
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| Challenge: | Cross-lingual word embeddings are vector representations of words in different languages where words with similar meaning are represented by similar vectors, regardless of the language. |
| Approach: | They propose to evaluate multiple cross-lingual word embedding models and compare their strengths and limitations to evaluate their effectiveness. |
| Outcome: | The proposed models perform well with noisy text and language pairs with major differences. |
Analyzing the Surprising Variability in Word Embedding Stability Across Languages (2021.emnlp-main)
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| Challenge: | Word embeddings are powerful representations that form the foundation of many natural language processing architectures. |
| Approach: | They explore word embedding stability in a wide range of languages to gain insight into their stability. |
| Outcome: | The proposed results provide insights into word embedding stability in English and other languages. |
IsoVec: Controlling the Relative Isomorphism of Word Embedding Spaces (2022.emnlp-main)
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| Challenge: | a faulty cross-lingual mapping technique results in non-isomorphic word embedding spaces . we address the root-cause of this problem by increasing the relative isomorphism of word embedsing spaces. |
| Approach: | They address the root-cause of faulty cross-lingual mapping by incorporating global measures of isomorphism into the skipgram loss function. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method improves bilingual lexicon induction under domain mismatch and with training algorithm dissimilarities. |
Hierarchical Mapping for Crosslingual Word Embedding Alignment (2020.tacl-1)
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| Challenge: | Existing strategies that map word embeddings into a crosslingual space are biased towards the choice of the pivot language. |
| Approach: | They propose to map any two languages into a different middle space by learning mappings across languages in a hierarchical way. |
| Outcome: | The proposed strategy significantly improves vocabulary induction scores in all existing benchmarks and in a new non-English–centered benchmark. |
A Closer Look on Unsupervised Cross-lingual Word Embeddings Mapping (2020.lrec-1)
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| Challenge: | Existing methods for word embeddings are limited to a single, unannotated corpus, which means that word representations with similar meaning in distinct languages can be very different. |
| Approach: | They propose an unsupervised method for cross-lingual word embedding mapping that uses stochastic initialization and isometric initialization to verify the method's robustness. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method is robust on different embedding representations and new language pairs, particularly those involving Slavic languages like Polish or Czech. |
Understanding Cross-Lingual Alignment—A Survey (2024.findings-acl)
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| Challenge: | Cross-lingual alignment is the meaningful similarity of representations across languages in multilingual language models. |
| Approach: | They propose a taxonomy of methods to improve cross-lingual alignment . they argue that an effective trade-off between language-neutral and language-specific information is key . |
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Are Girls Neko or Shōjo? Cross-Lingual Alignment of Non-Isomorphic Embeddings with Iterative Normalization (P19-1)
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| Challenge: | Cross-lingual word embeddings (CLWE) are used to perform multilingual natural language processing tasks. |
| Approach: | They propose a method that transforms monolingual embeddings to make orthogonal alignment easier by simultaneously enforcing that (1) individual word vectors are unit length, and (2) each language’s average vector is zero. |
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Unsupervised Cross-Lingual Representation Learning (P19-4)
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| Challenge: | a comprehensive survey of cutting-edge weakly-supervised and unsupervised cross-lingual word representations is presented . |
| Approach: | This tutorial provides a comprehensive survey of recent work on weakly-supervised and unsupervised cross-lingual word representations. |
| Outcome: | This tutorial provides a comprehensive survey of cutting-edge weakly-supervised and unsupervised word representations. |
Improving Cross-Lingual Word Embeddings by Meeting in the Middle (D18-1)
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| Challenge: | Cross-lingual word embeddings are becoming increasingly important in multilingual NLP. |
| Approach: | They propose to apply an additional transformation after initial alignment to align two disjoint monolingual vector spaces. |
| Outcome: | The proposed approach outperforms state-of-the-art models in monolingual and cross-lingual evaluation tasks. |