Challenge: Chinese NLP applications that rely on large text often contain huge amounts of vocabulary which are sparse in corpus.
Approach: They propose a multi-modal model that extracts visual features from Chinese word glyphs to expand current word embedding space without accessing any corpus.
Outcome: The proposed model can embed words in Chinese without accessing corpus without a corpus.

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COIN – an Inexpensive and Strong Baseline for Predicting Out of Vocabulary Word Embeddings (2022.coling-1)

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Challenge: Word embedding models only include terms that occur a sufficient number of times in training corpora.
Approach: They propose a method for predicting word embeddings for out of vocabulary terms using word2vec.
Outcome: The proposed method surpasses several methods on benchmark tasks and is inexpensive to compute.
Embeddings in Natural Language Processing (2020.coling-tutorials)

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Challenge: Embeddings have been a key topic of interest in NLP for the past decade . a quick warm-up introduction to NLP and why it is important to have a semantic comprehension of texts .
Approach: This tutorial will provide a high-level synthesis of the main embedding techniques in NLP . it will start with word embedds and then move to other types of embeddable vectors .
Outcome: This tutorial will provide a high-level synthesis of the main embedding techniques in NLP . it will start with word embedds and move to other types of embeddable representations .
Segmentation-free compositional n-gram embedding (N19-1)

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Challenge: Existing word embedding models depend on word segmentation, but this method is difficult when corpora written in noisy or unsegmented languages.
Approach: They propose a new method that models words, phrases and sentences seamlessly without word segmentation.
Outcome: The proposed method is very effective for noisy corpora written in unsegmented languages such as Chinese and Japanese.
CWSeg: An Efficient and General Approach to Chinese Word Segmentation (2023.acl-industry)

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Challenge: Existing methods for Chinese word segmentation have achieved state-of-the-art performance, but they pose challenges in the deployment.
Approach: They propose to augment PLM-based Chinese word segmentation schemes by developing cohort training and versatile decoding strategies.
Outcome: The proposed model can be used to augment existing PLM-based models and improve their performance on Chinese LLaMA and Alpaca datasets.
Better Word Embeddings by Disentangling Contextual n-Gram Information (N19-1)

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Challenge: Pre-trained word vectors are ubiquitous in Natural Language Processing applications.
Approach: They show that word embeddings with bigram and trigram embedds improve unigram embeds . they claim this removes contextual information from unigrammes, resulting in better unigraph embedders .
Outcome: The proposed model outperforms competing models on a wide variety of tasks.
Unsupervised Cross-Lingual Representation Learning (P19-4)

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Challenge: a comprehensive survey of cutting-edge weakly-supervised and unsupervised cross-lingual word representations is presented .
Approach: This tutorial provides a comprehensive survey of recent work on weakly-supervised and unsupervised cross-lingual word representations.
Outcome: This tutorial provides a comprehensive survey of cutting-edge weakly-supervised and unsupervised word representations.
Improving Low Compute Language Modeling with In-Domain Embedding Initialisation (2020.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Existing approaches to train language models on in-domain data are limited.
Approach: They propose to initialise and freeze in-domain embeddings to provide a useful representation of rare words in English . they find that the standard configuration is not optimal when rare words are present .
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KIT-Multi: A Translation-Oriented Multilingual Embedding Corpus (L18-1)

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Challenge: Cross-lingual word embeddings are representations of words across languages in a shared continuous vector space.
Approach: They propose a multilingual word embedding corpus which is acquired by neural machine translation and is based on monolingual data.
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Wikipedia2Vec: An Efficient Toolkit for Learning and Visualizing the Embeddings of Words and Entities from Wikipedia (2020.emnlp-demos)

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Challenge: Existing tools for learning the embeddings of words and entities from Wikipedia are not yet available.
Approach: They propose a Python-based tool for learning Wikipedia embeddings from Wikipedia . they use a Wikipedia dump file as an argument to issue a single command .
Outcome: The proposed tool achieves state-of-the-art results on the KORE entity relatedness dataset and competitive results on benchmark datasets.
Analyzing the Limitations of Cross-lingual Word Embedding Mappings (P19-1)

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Challenge: Existing methods for cross-lingual word embeddings have limited results . existing methods require little or no cross-linguistic signal to work .
Approach: They compare offline mapping methods to an extension of skip-gram that jointly learns both embedding spaces.
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