Papers with contamination
CLEVA: Chinese Language Models EVAluation Platform (2023.emnlp-demo)
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Yanyang Li, Jianqiao Zhao, Duo Zheng, Zi-Yuan Hu, Zhi Chen, Xiaohui Su, Yongfeng Huang, Shijia Huang, Dahua Lin, Michael Lyu, Liwei Wang
| Challenge: | Large language models (LLMs) have revolutionized natural language processing. |
| Approach: | They propose a Chinese-based platform that assesses Chinese LLMs using a standardized workflow and a unique sampling strategy. |
| Outcome: | CLEVA evaluates Chinese LLMs on a standardized workflow and a competitive leaderboard with minimal coding. |
EvoWiki: Evaluating LLMs on Evolving Knowledge (2025.acl-long)
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Wei Tang, Yixin Cao, Yang Deng, Jiahao Ying, Bo Wang, Yizhe Yang, Yuyue Zhao, Qi Zhang, Xuanjing Huang, Yu-Gang Jiang, Yong Liao
| Challenge: | Existing knowledge evolution benchmarks are static and fail to capture the evolving nature of LLMs and knowledge. |
| Approach: | They propose an evolving dataset that categorizes information into stable, evolved, and uncharted states. |
| Outcome: | The proposed dataset is auto-updatable and enables evaluation of continuously changing knowledge and newly released LLMs. |
Establishing Trustworthy LLM Evaluation via Shortcut Neuron Analysis (2025.acl-long)
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| Challenge: | Recent studies have focused on building dynamic benchmarks to address data contamination issues. |
| Approach: | They propose a method for identifying shortcut neurons through comparative and causal analysis to suppress shortcut neurons. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method overestimates contaminated models and is highly generalizable across benchmarks and hyperparameter settings. |
Stop Uploading Test Data in Plain Text: Practical Strategies for Mitigating Data Contamination by Evaluation Benchmarks (2023.emnlp-main)
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| Challenge: | Common NLP models are trained on data crawled from the internet, and it is difficult to audit at scale. |
| Approach: | They propose three strategies to prevent data contamination by encrypting test data and preventing it from being released on the internet. |
| Outcome: | The proposed strategies can make a difference in preventing data contamination. |
On Leakage of Code Generation Evaluation Datasets (2024.findings-emnlp)
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Alexandre Matton, Tom Sherborne, Dennis Aumiller, Elena Tommasone, Milad Alizadeh, Jingyi He, Raymond Ma, Maxime Voisin, Ellen Gilsenan-McMahon, Matthias Gallé
| Challenge: | In this paper, we discuss contamination by code generation test sets in large language models. |
| Approach: | They propose to use Python to test code generation test sets for contamination . they find that code generation is an important skill for large language models to master . |
| Outcome: | The proposed benchmarks are uncontaminated and provide a new insight into code generation. |
DyePack: Provably Flagging Test Set Contamination in LLMs Using Backdoors (2025.emnlp-main)
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| Challenge: | Open benchmarks are essential for evaluating large language models, but their accessibility makes them likely targets of test set contamination. |
| Approach: | They propose a framework that leverages backdoor attacks to flag models that used benchmark test sets during training. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework detects models that trained on benchmark test sets without loss of logits or internal details . it can prevent false accusations while providing strong evidence for every detected case of contamination. |
Data Contamination Can Cross Language Barriers (2024.emnlp-main)
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| Challenge: | Existing methods to detect contamination of public benchmarks are too superficial to reflect deeper forms of contamination. |
| Approach: | They propose generalization-based approaches to unmask a cross-lingual form of contamination that inflates LLMs’ performance while evading current detection methods. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model outperforms existing detection methods while avoiding contamination of public benchmarks in the pre-training data. |
Jailbreak Distillation: Renewable Safety Benchmarking (2025.findings-emnlp)
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Jingyu Zhang, Ahmed Elgohary, Xiawei Wang, A S M Iftekhar, Ahmed Magooda, Benjamin Van Durme, Daniel Khashabi, Kyle Jackson
| Challenge: | a new framework for safety benchmarking is being developed for large language models . the framework "distills" jailbreak attacks into high-quality and easily-updatable safety benchmarks . |
| Approach: | They propose a framework that "distills" jailbreak attacks into high-quality safety benchmarks. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework "distills" jailbreak attacks into high-quality safety benchmarks . it requires minimal human effort to rerun the pipeline and produce updated benchmarks. |