Papers with adaptive
SELENE: Selective and Evidence-Weighted LLM Debating for Efficient and Reliable Reasoning (2026.eacl-industry)
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| Challenge: | Existing multi-agent debate frameworks are computationally expensive and prone to degradation under pro-longed debates due to redundant exchanges and unstable judging. |
| Approach: | They propose a framework that unifies Selective Debate Initiation (SDI) with Evidence Weighted Self-Consistency (EWSC) for adaptive, debate-on-demand reasoning. |
| Outcome: | Evaluated on BoolQ, CosmosQA, and an internal QnA benchmark, the proposed framework achieves higher factual robustness and efficiency. |
Demonstrating Par4Sem - A Semantic Writing Aid with Adaptive Paraphrasing (D18-2)
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| Challenge: | a new tool for semantic writing aids collects training examples from usage data. |
| Approach: | They propose a semantic writing aid tool based on adaptive paraphrasing that integrates into a real word application to collect training examples from usage data. |
| Outcome: | The proposed tool is integrated into a real word application to collect training examples from usage data. |
A Cause-Effect Look at Alleviating Hallucination of Knowledge-grounded Dialogue Generation (2024.lrec-main)
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| Challenge: | Existing dialogue systems have demonstrated impressive performance conducting fluent and natural-sounding conversations, but they are plagued by the Knowledge Hallucination problem. |
| Approach: | They propose a method that exploits the dialogue-knowledge interaction to reduce hallucination by using external knowledge resources to generate more informative responses. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method reduces hallucination without disrupting other dialogue performance while keeping adaptive to different generation models. |
Lexi: A tool for adaptive, personalized text simplification (C18-1)
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| Challenge: | Existing research on text simplification has aimed to develop generic solutions . instead, we need to develop customized simplification systems for individual users . |
| Approach: | They propose a framework for adaptive lexical simplification and introduce Lexi, a free open-source tool for personalized text simplification. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework is based on a free open-source tool for adaptive, personalized text simplification. |
The Evolution of Gen Alpha Slang: Linguistic Patterns and AI Translation Challenges (2025.acl-srw)
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| Challenge: | Generation Alpha (born 2010-2024) exhibits unique linguistic behaviours influenced by rampant online communication and platform-specific cultures. |
| Approach: | They construct a comprehensive slang corpus from online platforms and evaluate four AI translation systems on over 100 sling terms. |
| Outcome: | The proposed translation systems outperform four existing translation models on over 100 slang terms. |
Adaptive LLM-Symbolic Reasoning via Dynamic Logical Solver Composition (2026.eacl-long)
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| Challenge: | Existing approaches to NLP are static and require manual formalization. |
| Approach: | They propose an adaptive, multi-paradigm, neuro-symbolic inference framework that automatically identifies formal reasoning strategies from problems expressed in natural language and dynamically selects and applies specialized formal logical solvers. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework outperforms baselines on individual and multi-paradigm reasoning tasks by 17% and 6%. |
DatawiseAgent: A Notebook-Centric LLM Agent Framework for Adaptive and Robust Data Science Automation (2025.emnlp-main)
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| Challenge: | Existing large language model (LLM) agents for data science automation are limited by narrow task scopes, limited generalization across tasks and models, and over-reliance on state-of-the-art (SOTA) LLMs. |
| Approach: | They propose a notebook-centric LLM agent framework for adaptive and robust data science automation. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework surpasses baselines such as AutoGen and TaskWeaver in performance tests across diverse data science scenarios and models. |
Adaptive Hyper-parameter Learning for Deep Semantic Retrieval (2023.emnlp-industry)
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| Challenge: | Existing methods for deep semantic retrieval are highly sensitive to hyper-parameters . a novel adaptive metric learning method is proposed to overcome this limitation . |
| Approach: | They propose a method that adaptively obtains hyper-parameters without fixed or extra-trainable hyper-parmeters . they adopt a symmetric metric learning method to mitigate model collapse issues . |
| Outcome: | The proposed method outperforms existing methods on a real-world dataset and brings economic benefits. |
MedMCP-Calc: Benchmarking LLMs for Realistic Medical Calculator Scenarios via MCP Integration (2026.acl-long)
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| Challenge: | Existing benchmarks focus on static single-step calculations with explicit instructions. |
| Approach: | They propose a benchmark for evaluating medical calculators in realistic scenarios . they use 118 scenario tasks across 4 clinical domains to evaluate medical calculator performance . |
| Outcome: | The first benchmark for evaluating medical calculators in realistic scenarios is released . it features 118 scenario tasks across 4 clinical domains and is based on a model context protocol integration. |
Understanding Iterative Revision from Human-Written Text (2022.acl-long)
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| Challenge: | This work describes IteraTeR: the first large-scale, multi-domain, edit-intention annotated corpus of iteratively revised text. |
| Approach: | They propose to annotate iteratively revised text using a multi-domain annotated corpus that generalizes to a variety of domains, edit intentions, revision depths, and granularities. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model improves automatic evaluations by integrating edit intentions with writing quality. |
TiKMiX: Efficient Semi-Dynamic Data Mixture via Data Influence for LLM Pre-training (2026.acl-long)
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Yifan Wang, null Binbinliu, Fengze Liu, Yuanfan Guo, Jiyao Deng, Xuecheng Wu, Weidong Zhou, Xiaohuan Zhou, Taifeng Wang
| Challenge: | Static data mixing strategies in large language models are often suboptimal as they fail to adapt to the model’s evolving learning states. |
| Approach: | They propose a semi-dynamic data mixing framework that uses a key observation of influence ranking invariance to reduce computational overhead by 80% . |
| Outcome: | The proposed method reduces computational overhead by 80% and achieves an average performance gain of 2% across nine downstream benchmarks, effectively mitigating data under-digestion. |
When to Continue Thinking: Adaptive Thinking Mode Switching for Efficient Reasoning (2025.findings-emnlp)
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Xiaoyun Zhang, Jingqing Ruan, Xing Ma, Yawen Zhu, Haodong Zhao, Hao Li, Jiansong Chen, Ke Zeng, Xunliang Cai
| Challenge: | Large reasoning models (LRMs) incur excessive computational overhead due to redundant reasoning, especially on simple tasks. |
| Approach: | They propose an Adaptive Self-Recovery Reasoning framework that suppresses unnecessary reasoning and enables implicit recovery. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework suppresses unnecessary reasoning and enables implicit recovery. |
Partitioned Gradient Matching-based Data Subset Selection for Compute-Efficient Robust ASR Training (2022.findings-emnlp)
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| Challenge: | Existing DSS algorithms for RNN-T have a high cost and performance degradation. |
| Approach: | They propose a distributable DSS algorithm for RNN-T that can be used to train a subset of training data. |
| Outcome: | The proposed algorithm achieves between 3x to 6x speedup with only a small accuracy degradation even in settings where the training data is corrupted with noise. |
AttnComp: Attention-Guided Adaptive Context Compression for Retrieval-Augmented Generation (2025.findings-emnlp)
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| Challenge: | Existing methods for augmented large language models suffer from irrelevant retrieved content . existing methods struggle to adapt compression rates for different context, maintain low latency . |
| Approach: | We propose an adaptive, efficient and context-aware compression framework to reduce retrieved content . AttnComp uses a top-p compression algorithm to retain the minimal set of documents whose attention weights exceed a threshold. |
| Outcome: | Experiments show that AttnComp outperforms existing compression methods and uncompressed baselines in achieving higher accuracy with substantial compression rates and lower latency. |
AdaMergeX: Cross-Lingual Transfer with Large Language Models via Adaptive Adapter Merging (2025.naacl-long)
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| Challenge: | Large Language Models excel in highresource languages but underperform in lowresource ones. |
| Approach: | They propose a cross-lingual transfer method that decouples "task ability" from "language ability" they propose to use adaptive adapter merging to obtain target adapters by combining other adapters. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method outperforms existing methods in highresource languages . it decouples "task ability" from "language ability" but fails to fully separate "task capability" from the "source language" |
RECALL: REpresentation-aligned Catastrophic-forgetting ALLeviation via Hierarchical Model Merging (2025.emnlp-main)
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Bowen Wang, Haiyuan Wan, Liwen Shi, Chen Yang, Peng He, Yue Ma, Haochen Han, Wenhao Li, Tiao Tan, Yongjian Li, Fangming Liu, Gong Yifan, Sheng Zhang
| Challenge: | Existing models that require task labels or performance trade-offs are susceptible to catastrophic forgetting. |
| Approach: | They propose a representation-aware model merging framework for continual learning without access to historical data. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework outperforms baselines in knowledge retention and generalization across five NLP tasks and multiple continual learning scenarios. |
Evaluating Cognitive-Behavioral Fixation via Multimodal User Viewing Patterns on Social Media (2025.emnlp-main)
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| Challenge: | Digital media platforms often contribute to cognitive-behavioral fixation, a phenomenon in which users exhibit sustained and repetitive engagement with narrow content domains. |
| Approach: | They propose a multimodal topic extraction module and a cognitive-behavioral fixation quantification module that collaboratively enable adaptive, hierarchical, and interpretable assessment of user behavior. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework lays the groundwork for scalable computational analysis of cognitive fixation. |
Beyond Frameworks: Unpacking Collaboration Strategies in Multi-Agent Systems (2025.acl-long)
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| Challenge: | Existing frameworks prioritize structural architectures and role assignments but neglect granular mechanics of agent collaboration. |
| Approach: | They propose to use centralized governance, instructor-led participation, ordered interaction patterns to optimize task accuracy and computational efficiency. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model improves task accuracy and computational efficiency under two context-dependent scenarios. |
SPIO: Ensemble and Selective Strategies via LLM-Based Multi-Agent Planning in Automated Data Science (2026.acl-long)
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| Challenge: | Large Language Models (LLMs) have enabled dynamic reasoning in automated data analytics, but rigid, single-path workflows restrict strategic exploration and often lead to suboptimal outcomes. |
| Approach: | a new framework replaces rigid workflows with adaptive, multi-path planning . the framework offers two operating modes: SPIO-S and SPIO -E . |
| Outcome: | a new framework outperforms state-of-the-art pipelines on Kaggle and OpenML benchmarks. |
FairGen: Controlling Sensitive Attributes for Fair Generations in Diffusion Models via Adaptive Latent Guidance (2025.emnlp-main)
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Mintong Kang, Vinayshekhar Bannihatti Kumar, Shamik Roy, Abhishek Kumar, Sopan Khosla, Balakrishnan Murali Narayanaswamy, Rashmi Gangadharaiah
| Challenge: | Text-to-image diffusion models often exhibit generation biases toward specific demographic groups, raising ethical concerns and limiting their adoption. |
| Approach: | They propose an adaptive latent guidance mechanism which controls the generation distribution during inference by dynamically adjusting the diffusion process to enforce specific attributes. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model outperforms existing models on HBE and Stable Bias datasets and achieves substantial bias reduction. |
StructuThink: Reasoning with Task Transition Knowledge for Autonomous LLM-Based Agents (2025.findings-emnlp)
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| Challenge: | StructuThink framework enhances LLMs' ability to ground decisions in domain-specific scenarios. |
| Approach: | They propose a knowledge-structured reasoning framework that enhances LLM-based agents with explicit decision constraints. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework achieves higher task success rates and more efficient action sequences than baseline methods. |
RTTC: Reward-Guided Collaborative Test-Time Compute (2025.findings-emnlp)
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| Challenge: | Reward-Guided Test-Time Compute (RTTC) is a powerful paradigm for large language models . indiscriminate application of TTC strategy incurs substantial computational overhead . |
| Approach: | They propose a framework that adaptively selects the most effective TTC strategy for each query via a pretrained reward model. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework maximizes accuracy across diverse domains and tasks. |
PersonalityDBench: A Dataset for Personality Disorders - from Modeling to Controlled Generation (2026.acl-long)
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| Challenge: | Personality disorders are chronic, rigid patterns of thinking, behavior, and emotions that deviate from cultural norms and persist in social settings. |
| Approach: | They propose a large-scale, clinically grounded dataset that supports multidimensional study of personality pathology and standardized evaluation of LLM steering toward clinically ground behavioral targets. |
| Outcome: | The PersonalityDBench dataset supports multidimensional study of personality pathology and evaluation of LLM steering toward clinically grounded behavioral targets. |
TA-GRPO-d: Trajectory-Aware GRPO for Optimizing Denoising Trajectories in Diffusion LLMs (2026.acl-long)
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| Challenge: | Existing dLLMs rely on fixed denoising schedules and cannot learn efficient unmasking orders. |
| Approach: | They propose a framework that transforms dLLM decoding into a trajectory-aware policy . it uses a confidence-gated denoising strategy that decides which tokens to unmask . |
| Outcome: | The proposed model can learn which tokens to unmask and how many to unmak per step . it can learn the output quality and efficiency of the decoding path itself . |
LiCoMemory: Lightweight and Cognitive Agentic Memory for Efficient Long-Term Reasoning (2026.findings-acl)
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Zhengjun Huang, Zhoujin Tian, Qintian Guo, Fangyuan Zhang, Yingli Zhou, Di Jiang, Zeying Xie, Xiaofang Zhou
| Challenge: | Large Language Models are constrained by limited context windows and lack of persistent memory . recent efforts address these limitations via external memory architectures . |
| Approach: | They propose an end-to-end agentic memory framework for real-time updating and retrieval that integrates hierarchical and temporal indexing layers. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework outperforms established benchmarks in temporal reasoning, multi-session consistency, and retrieval efficiency. |
SemCSE-Multi: Multifaceted and Decodable Embeddings for Aspect-Specific and Interpretable Scientific Domain Mapping (2026.acl-long)
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| Challenge: | Existing embedding models rely on implicit, imprecise and fixed notion of similarity to evaluate scientific abstracts. |
| Approach: | They propose a framework for generating multifaceted embeddings of scientific abstracts . they propose an unsupervised procedure that produces aspect-specific summarizing sentences . |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework captures distinct, individually specifiable aspects in isolation . it then trains embedding models to map semantically related summaries to nearby positions . the proposed framework is evaluated in the domains of invasion biology and medicine . |