Papers by Mubarak Shah
MMFT-BERT: Multimodal Fusion Transformer with BERT Encodings for Visual Question Answering (2020.findings-emnlp)
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| Challenge: | MMFT-BERT is a multimodal fusion transformer that decomposes input modalities into different BERT instances with similar architectures, but variable weights. |
| Approach: | They propose a multimodal fusion transformer with BERT encodings to solve Visual Question Answering (VQA) . |
| Outcome: | The proposed method achieves SOTA results on the TVQA dataset and TVQA-Visual, an isolated diagnostic subset of TVQA, which strictly requires the knowledge of visual (V) modality based on a human annotator’s judgment. |
LlamaV-o1: Rethinking Step-by-step Visual Reasoning in LLMs (2025.findings-acl)
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Omkar Thawakar, Dinura Dissanayake, Ketan Pravin More, Ritesh Thawkar, Ahmed Heakl, Noor Ahsan, Yuhao Li, Ilmuz Zaman Mohammed Zumri, Jean Lahoud, Rao Muhammad Anwer, Hisham Cholakkal, Ivan Laptev, Mubarak Shah, Fahad Shahbaz Khan, Salman Khan
| Challenge: | Existing approaches do not emphasize step-wise problem-solving. |
| Approach: | They propose a visual reasoning chain benchmark and a fine-grained reasoning metric that evaluates correctness and logical coherence at each step. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework outperforms existing models in six benchmarks and is 5x faster during inference scaling. |
Jailbreaks as Inference-Time Alignment: A Framework for Understanding Safety Failures in LLMs (2026.eacl-long)
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| Challenge: | Large language models are safety-aligned to prevent harmful response generation . prior work on jailbreak effectiveness has focused on analyzing success rate of jailbreaks . |
| Approach: | They propose to frame jailbreaks as inference-time alignment and draw suboptimal bounds . they also propose a Safety-Net to measure how vulnerable an LLM is to jailbreak attacks . |
| Outcome: | a new framework allows researchers to show how vulnerable an LLM is to jailbreaks . a Safety-Net measures how vulnerable the model is to attacks, the authors say . |
ViLL-E: Video LLM Embeddings for Retrieval (2026.acl-long)
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| Challenge: | Video Large Language Models excel at video understanding tasks where outputs are textual . however, they underperform specialized embedding-based models in Retrieval tasks . |
| Approach: | They propose a video-LLM-based model with an embedding generation mechanism that allows the model to "think longer" for complex videos and stop early for easy ones. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model outperforms specialized embedding-based models in video understanding tasks while remaining competitive on VideoQA tasks. |
A Culturally-diverse Multilingual Multimodal Video Benchmark & Model (2025.emnlp-main)
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Bhuiyan Sanjid Shafique, Ashmal Vayani, Muhammad Maaz, Hanoona Abdul Rasheed, Dinura Dissanayake, Mohammed Irfan Kurpath, Yahya Hmaiti, Go Inoue, Jean Lahoud, Md. Safirur Rashid, Shadid Intisar Quasem, Maheen Fatima, Franco Vidal, Mykola Maslych, Ketan Pravin More, Sanoojan Baliah, Hasindri Watawana, Yuhao Li, Fabian Farestam, Leon Schaller, Roman Tymtsiv, Simon Weber, Hisham Cholakkal, Ivan Laptev, Shin’ichi Satoh, Michael Felsberg, Mubarak Shah, Salman Khan, Fahad Shahbaz Khan
| Challenge: | Large multimodal models have gained attention for their effectiveness to understand and generate descriptions of visual content. |
| Approach: | They propose a multilingual Video LMM benchmark to evaluate video LMMs across 14 languages . they also introduce a machine translated multilingual video training set . |
| Outcome: | The proposed video LMM benchmark is designed to evaluate video Lmms across 14 languages including Arabic, Bengali, Chinese, English, French, German, Hindi, Japanese, Russian, Sinhala, Spanish, Swedish, Tamil, and Urdu. |