Papers by Ben Bogin

15 papers
Answering Questions by Meta-Reasoning over Multiple Chains of Thought (2023.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Modern systems for multi-hop question answering (QA) break questions into a sequence of reasoning steps, termed chain-of-thought (CoT) Often, multiple chains are sampled and aggregated, but the intermediate steps themselves are discarded.
Approach: They propose a method which prompts large language models to meta-reason over multiple chains of thought rather than aggregate their answers.
Outcome: The proposed approach outperforms baselines on 7 multi-hop QA datasets.
MedICaT: A Dataset of Medical Images, Captions, and Textual References (2020.findings-emnlp)

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Challenge: Existing largescale datasets explicitly exclude compound figures . existing systems lack this ability to identify relevant subfigures .
Approach: They propose a dataset of medical images in context that allows figure-to-text alignment . they use captions, inline references and manually annotated subfigures for compound figures .
Outcome: The proposed dataset demonstrates the utility of inline references in image-text matching.
Representing Schema Structure with Graph Neural Networks for Text-to-SQL Parsing (P19-1)

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Challenge: Semantic parsing to SQL has largely ignored the structure of the database schema . a recent study used a simple DB that was observed at both training and test time.
Approach: They propose a semantic parser where the schema structure is encoded with a graph neural network and used at both encoding and decoding time.
Outcome: The proposed parser improves from 33.8% to 39.4%, dramatically above the current state of the art, which is at 19.7%.
Leveraging Code to Improve In-Context Learning for Semantic Parsing (2024.naacl-long)

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Challenge: In-context learning is an attractive approach for semantic parsing, but learning to parse to rare domain-specific languages from a few demonstrations is challenging.
Approach: They propose to use Python instead of DSLs to augment prompts with a structured domain description.
Outcome: The proposed approach improves accuracy and generalization across three datasets.
AssistantBench: Can Web Agents Solve Realistic and Time-Consuming Tasks? (2024.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Current language models and retrieval-augmented LMs are limited in their ability to perform tasks on the web.
Approach: They propose a benchmark to evaluate language agents built on top of language models . they propose 'AssistantBench' which includes 214 tasks that can be automatically evaluated .
Outcome: The proposed agent outperforms existing agents in a new benchmark for language agents on the web.
Unobserved Local Structures Make Compositional Generalization Hard (2022.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Recent studies show sequence-to-sequence models struggle to generalize to new compositions . little is known on what makes generalization hard on a particular test instance .
Approach: They propose a criterion for the difficulty of an example that is hard if it contains a local structure that was not observed at training time.
Outcome: The proposed rule predicts instance-level generalization well across 5 different datasets.
Towards an argumentative content search engine using weak supervision (C18-1)

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Challenge: Existing work focused on detecting claims within a small set of documents . however, pinpointing relevant claims within massive unstructured corpora, received little attention.
Approach: They propose to use a weak signal to develop a query for claim–sentence detection using a large text corpus.
Outcome: The proposed system outperforms previous results in terms of precision and coverage.
SUPER: Evaluating Agents on Setting Up and Executing Tasks from Research Repositories (2024.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Large Language Models (LLMs) have made significant progress in writing code, but can they be used to reproduce results from research repositories?
Approach: They propose a benchmark to evaluate the capability of Large Language Models to reproduce results from research repositories.
Outcome: The benchmark aims to capture the realistic challenges faced by researchers working with machine learning and natural language processing repositories.
Global Reasoning over Database Structures for Text-to-SQL Parsing (D19-1)

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Challenge: Existing semantic parsers only select a set of database constants at training time . current models only consider local information, not global ones .
Approach: They propose a semantic parser that globally reasons about the structure of the query to make a more contextually-informed selection of database constants.
Outcome: The proposed model increases accuracy from 39.4% to 47.4% on a zero-shot semantic parsing dataset with complex databases.
Evaluating Models’ Local Decision Boundaries via Contrast Sets (2020.findings-emnlp)

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Challenge: Standard test sets for supervised learning evaluate in-distribution generalization but are misleading when a dataset has systematic gaps.
Approach: They propose a more rigorous annotation paradigm for NLP that helps to close systematic gaps in the test data.
Outcome: The proposed model performs significantly lower on contrast sets than on the original test sets—up to 25% in some cases.
COVR: A Test-Bed for Visually Grounded Compositional Generalization with Real Images (2021.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Existing benchmarks for visual-grounded models have focused on synthetic images . et al., 2018: compositional generalization is crucial for building models that generalize to new settings.
Approach: They propose a test-bed for visually-grounded compositional generalization with real images.
Outcome: The proposed test-bed enables compositional splits where models need to generalize to new concepts and compositions in a zero- or few-shot setting.
Latent Compositional Representations Improve Systematic Generalization in Grounded Question Answering (2021.tacl-1)

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Challenge: Neural networks fail to generalize to out-of-distribution examples that contain new compositions.
Approach: They propose a model that computes a representation and denotation for all question spans in a bottom-up, compositional manner using a CKY-style parser.
Outcome: The proposed model achieves 96.1% accuracy on a challenging dataset compared to baseline models on . previous models failed to generalize to out-of-distribution examples .
Obtaining Faithful Interpretations from Compositional Neural Networks (2020.acl-main)

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Challenge: Neural module networks (NMNs) are a popular approach for modeling compositionality but prior work implicitly assumed that the structure of the network modules provides a faithful explanation of the model’s reasoning.
Approach: They propose to use auxiliary supervision to train a model with a structured model that can understand the reasoning process and make better choices for module architecture.
Outcome: The proposed models on two datasets show that the proposed models do not provide a faithful explanation of model behaviour.
Diverse Demonstrations Improve In-context Compositional Generalization (2023.acl-long)

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Challenge: In-context learning has shown great success in i.i.d semantic parsing splits . however, in compositional generalization, selecting similar demonstrations is insufficient .
Approach: They propose a method to select diverse demonstrations that collectively cover all the structures required in the output program and encourage the model to generalize to new structures from these demonstrations.
Outcome: The proposed method improves performance across three compositional generalization datasets and finetuning.

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