| Challenge: | Existing methods for generating arguments are limited to retrieval-based methods. |
| Approach: | They propose an encoder-decoder-based argument generation model enriched with externally retrieved evidence from Wikipedia. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model generates arguments with more topic-relevant content than current models based on automatic evaluation and human assessments on a large-scale dataset from reddit. |
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Argument Generation with Retrieval, Planning, and Realization (P19-1)
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| Challenge: | a novel argument generation framework is used to generate counter-arguments . CANDELA uses a text planning decoder to retrieve arguments of different perspectives . |
| Approach: | They propose a powerful retrieval system and a novel two-step argument generation framework . they use a retrieval-based retrieval platform indexed with 12 million articles from Wikipedia . |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework yields higher BLEU, ROUGE, and METEOR scores than state-of-the-art models. |
ArgU: A Controllable Factual Argument Generator (2023.acl-long)
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| Challenge: | Effective argumentation is essential towards a purposeful conversation with a satisfactory outcome. |
| Approach: | They propose a controllable neural argument generator capable of producing factual arguments from input facts and real-world concepts that can be explicitly controlled for stance and argument structure. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model produces factual arguments from input facts and real-world concepts that can be explicitly controlled for stance and argument structure using Walton’s argument scheme-based control codes. |
Aspect-Controlled Neural Argument Generation (2021.naacl-main)
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| Challenge: | Current argument generation models produce lengthy texts and allow the user little control over the aspect the argument should address. |
| Approach: | They propose a language model that can be controlled to generate sentence-level arguments for a given topic, stance, and aspect. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model generates high-quality arguments for argumentation and counter-arguments. |
Belief-based Generation of Argumentative Claims (2021.eacl-main)
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| Challenge: | Existing methods to generate argument with the ability to encode beliefs are limited by the noise generated by the automatic collection of bag-of-words. |
| Approach: | They propose to augment argument generation technology with ability to encode beliefs . they model users' beliefs via their stances on big issues and extend text generation models with extra input reflecting user's beliefs. |
| Outcome: | The proposed approach is low in effectiveness because of the noise produced by the automatic collection of bag-of-words. |
Employing Argumentation Knowledge Graphs for Neural Argument Generation (2021.acl-long)
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| Challenge: | Existing methods for generating arguments use end-to-end knowledge graphs or are controlled with respect to the argument's topic, aspects, or stance. |
| Approach: | They construct and populate three knowledge graphs and encode them into debate portals and relevant paragraphs from Wikipedia. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model produces arguments with superior quality than those generated without knowledge. |
Conclusion-based Counter-Argument Generation (2023.eacl-main)
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| Challenge: | Existing work on the automatic generation of natural language counter-arguments does not address the relation to the conclusion, possibly because many arguments leave their conclusion implicit. |
| Approach: | They propose a multitask approach that jointly learns to generate both the conclusion and the counter of an input argument. |
| Outcome: | The proposed approach generates more relevant and stance-adhering counters than strong baselines. |
Argument Mining as a Text-to-Text Generation Task (2024.eacl-long)
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| Challenge: | Argument Mining (AM) aims to uncover the argumentative structures within a text. |
| Approach: | They propose a method that generates argumentatively annotated text using a pretrained encoder-decoder language model and a pre-trained decoder. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method achieves state-of-the-art performance on three types of benchmark datasets. |
Dynamic Knowledge Integration for Evidence-Driven Counter-Argument Generation with Large Language Models (2025.findings-acl)
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| Challenge: | Argumentation in natural language processing (NLP) is becoming an indispensable tool in many application domains such as public policy, law, medicine, and education. |
| Approach: | They propose a reconstructed dataset of argument and counter-argument pairs . they propose integrating dynamic external knowledge from the web to improve counter-arguments . |
| Outcome: | The proposed method shows stronger correlation with human judgments compared to reference-based metrics. |
Sentence-Level Content Planning and Style Specification for Neural Text Generation (D19-1)
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| Challenge: | Recent advances in text generation systems often produce incoherent and unfaithful outputs . a novel automated text generation system takes into account content selection, text planning, and surface realization. |
| Approach: | They propose an end-to-end trained two-step text generation model that considers sentence-level content planners and language styles. |
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AEG: Argumentative Essay Generation via A Dual-Decoder Model with Content Planning (2022.emnlp-main)
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| Challenge: | Existing studies on argument generation focus on generating individual short arguments, while research on generating long and coherent argumentative essays is under-explored. |
| Approach: | They propose a task to automatically generate argumentative essays using a writing prompt. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model generates persuasive essays with higher diversity and less repetition compared to baselines. |