Challenge: Existing methods for DA annotation are incompatible with each other and do not cover all aspects necessary for open-domain human-machine interaction.
Approach: They propose to map publicly available corpora to a subset of the ISO standard and create a task-independent training corpus for DA classification.
Outcome: The proposed method can train a domain-independent DA tagger on out-of-domain conversational data and achieve robustness across different DA categories.

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Annotation Process for the Dialog Act Classification of a Taglish E-commerce Q&A Corpus (D19-51)

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Challenge: Existing studies on DA classification in general contexts have not addressed this problem.
Approach: They constructed a text-based corpus of 7,265 posts from the question and answer section of products on Lazada Philippines.
Outcome: The text-based corpus of 7,265 posts from the question and answer section of products on Lazada Philippines was constructed using a tagset for DA classification . the corpus was composed dominantly of single-label posts, with 34% of the corpuse having multiple intent tags.
A Multi-Dimensional, Cross-Domain and Hierarchy-Aware Neural Architecture for ISO-Standard Dialogue Act Tagging (2022.coling-1)

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Challenge: Dialogue Act tagging with ISO 24617-2 standard is a difficult task that requires multiple labels covering semantic, syntactic and pragmatic aspects of dialogue.
Approach: They propose a neural architecture to increase Dialogue Act tagging accuracy by using low-frequency fine-grained tags.
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A Large-Scale Corpus of E-mail Conversations with Standard and Two-Level Dialogue Act Annotations (2020.coling-main)

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Challenge: e-mail conversations have domain-agnostic and two-level dialogue act annotations . et al. (2017): a better understanding of asynchronous conversations.
Approach: They present a large-scale corpus of e-mail conversations with domain-agnostic and two-level dialogue act annotations . they use ISO standard 24617-2 as the annotation scheme to annotate over 6,000 messages and 35,000 sentences .
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Speaker Turn Modeling for Dialogue Act Classification (2021.findings-emnlp)

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Challenge: Existing approaches to DA classification model utterances without incorporating the turn changes among speakers throughout the dialogue, thus treating it no different than non-interactive written text.
Approach: They propose to integrate the turn changes in conversations among speakers when modeling DAs by learning conversation-invariant speaker turn embeddings to represent speaker turns in a conversation.
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Two-level classification for dialogue act recognition in task-oriented dialogues (2020.coling-main)

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Challenge: Existing methods for dialogue act classification are limited and feature sets are low . recognizing dialogue acts is useful for identifying type of information and knowledge to be conveyed .
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Multilingual Dialogue Generation and Localization with Dialogue Act Scripting (2025.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Existing approaches to training or evaluating non-English dialogue datasets often introduce artifacts that reduce their naturalness and cultural appropriateness.
Approach: They propose a structured framework for encoding, localizing, and generating multilingual dialogues from abstract intent representations.
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Simple Data Augmentation with the Mask Token Improves Domain Adaptation for Dialog Act Tagging (2020.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Existing studies on DA tagging focus on human-human social conversations, which is less applicable for task-oriented setting.
Approach: They propose a controllable mechanism that augments text input by leveraging the pre-trained Mask token from BERT model.
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The ISO Standard for Dialogue Act Annotation, Second Edition (2020.lrec-1)

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Challenge: ISO standard 24617-2 for dialogue act annotation has been used in corpus annotation and in the design of components for spoken and multimodal interactive systems.
Approach: ISO standard 24617-2 for dialogue act annotation is proposed for a second edition . this second edition allows a more accurate annotation of dependence relations and rhetorical relations in dialogue.
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Do LLMs Understand Dialogues? A Case Study on Dialogue Acts (2025.acl-long)

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Challenge: Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown remarkable performance on many unseen tasks in a zero-shot setting.
Approach: They propose to identify three key pre-tasks essential for accurate DA prediction: Turn Management, Communicative Function Identification, and Dialogue Structure Prediction.
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MIDAS: A Dialog Act Annotation Scheme for Open Domain HumanMachine Spoken Conversations (2021.eacl-main)

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Challenge: Existing dialog act schemes are designed for human-human conversations, but are not suitable for automatic speech recognition.
Approach: They propose a dialog act annotation scheme for open-domain human-machine conversations . they collected 24K utterances from a large open- domain spoken conversation dataset .
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