Challenge: Vulgarity is a common linguistic expression and is used to perform several linguistic functions.
Approach: They analyze vulgarity using tweets from users with known demographics and sentiment ratings for vulgar tweets to study sentiment analysis performance.
Outcome: The proposed model can boost sentiment analysis performance by analyzing vulgar tweets and tweet sentiment ratings.

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Why Swear? Analyzing and Inferring the Intentions of Vulgar Expressions (D18-1)

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Challenge: Vulgar words are employed in language use for several different functions, including expressing aggression, signaling group identity or the informality of the communication.
Approach: They present a dataset of 7,800 tweets with six categories of vulgarity in which all instances of vulgar words are annotated with one of the six categories.
Outcome: The proposed model can predict the category of a vulgar word based on the immediate context it appears in with 67.4 macro F1 across six classes.
A Computational Exploration of Pejorative Language in Social Media (2021.findings-emnlp)

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Challenge: In this paper, we examine the problem of pejorative language, an under-explored topic in computational linguistics.
Approach: They propose to automatically disambiguate pejorative usage in social media . they leverage online dictionaries to build a multilingual lexicon of pejorativ terms .
Outcome: The proposed model can automatically disambiguate pejorative usage in social media posts . the proposed model is based on dictionaries and tweets .
An Exploratory Analysis of the Relation between Offensive Language and Mental Health (2021.findings-acl)

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Challenge: Using computational models, the use of offensive language is pervasive in social media . a popular line of research is the study of machine learning classifiers to identify offensive content online .
Approach: They analyze social media posts written by individuals with depression and those without . they train computational models to compare use of offensive language with depression detection .
Outcome: The proposed models show that offensive language is more frequently used in the samples written by individuals with depression and those showing signs of depression.
Do You Really Want to Hurt Me? Predicting Abusive Swearing in Social Media (2020.lrec-1)

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Challenge: Swearing is a common form of verbal communication and occurs in social media and online forums . a study by a team of researchers has investigated the phenomenon of swearing in Twitter .
Approach: They analyze tweets to determine abusive swearing using models that automatically predict it . they also investigate lexical, syntactic, and affective features that are more informative .
Outcome: The proposed model can predict abusive swearing in a tweet context and provide an intrinsic evaluation of the model.
The Sentiment Problem: A Critical Survey towards Deconstructing Sentiment Analysis (2023.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Existing research reveals a notable absence of interdisciplinary endeavors to comprehend the social dimensions of sentiment analysis, encompassing aspects like emotion and fairness.
Approach: They propose an ethics sheet encompassing critical inquiries to guide practitioners in ensuring equitable utilization of SA.
Outcome: The proposed ethics sheet outlines the importance of adopting an interdisciplinary approach to defining sentiment in SA and offers a pragmatic solution for its implementation.
Semantics and Sentiment: Cross-lingual Variations in Emoji Use (2024.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: emojis have been used in social media for a decade but have been inconsistently used in contexts and in isolation.
Approach: They develop a corpus containing literal meanings for emojis defined by L1 speakers in three languages to assess their e-mail sentiments.
Outcome: The proposed method shows that emoji semantics differ across languages and how it interacts with sentiment in e-mails.
Hashtags, Emotions, and Comments: A Large-Scale Dataset to Understand Fine-Grained Social Emotions to Online Topics (2020.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: A large-scale dataset is collected from Chinese microblog Sina Weibo with over 13 thousand trending topics, emotion votes in 24 fine-grained types from massive participants, and user comments to allow context understanding.
Approach: They use a large-scale dataset from Chinese microblog Sina Weibo to examine readers' responses to online discussion topics.
Outcome: The proposed model outperforms the human model in predicting social emotions in a multilabel classification setting.
EmoTag1200: Understanding the Association between Emojis and Emotions (2020.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Emojis are increasingly used to convey affect, but their use is not trivial.
Approach: They propose to use human-solicited association ratings to explore the connection between emojis and emotions to conduct experiments.
Outcome: The proposed method can be inferred from word-level information when high-quality information is available.
TempoWiC: An Evaluation Benchmark for Detecting Meaning Shift in Social Media (2022.coling-1)

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Challenge: Language models are often clean and time-invariant, and do little to no account of social media usage.
Approach: They propose a benchmark to accelerate research in social media-based meaning shift.
Outcome: The proposed benchmark is aimed at accelerating research in social media-based meaning shift.
Guilt by Association: Emotion Intensities in Lexical Representations (2021.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: linguistic models have a higher correlation with human ground truth ratings than labeled data . word vectors have often been evaluated on standard word relatedness benchmarks .
Approach: They propose to use unsupervised, supervised, and finally supervised methods to extract emotional associations from pretrained vectors and models.
Outcome: The proposed method shows higher correlation with ground truth ratings than state-of-the-art lexicons based on labeled data.

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