| Challenge: | Existing word embeddings have shown superior performance in numerous Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks, however, their performances vary significantly across different tasks. |
| Approach: | They propose to combine distributed word embeddings to produce more accurate and complete meta-embeddings of words. |
| Outcome: | The proposed meta-embeddings outperform the state-of-the-art in multiple tasks. |
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Learning Efficient Task-Specific Meta-Embeddings with Word Prisms (2020.coling-main)
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| Challenge: | Word embeddings possess different lexical properties depending on the notion of context defined at training time. |
| Approach: | They introduce a meta-embedding method that learns to combine source embeddings according to the task at hand. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method improves performance on six extrinsic evaluations over other methods. |
Dynamic Meta-Embeddings for Improved Sentence Representations (D18-1)
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| Challenge: | A sprawling literature has emerged about what word embeddings are most useful for which tasks . word embed-ding is a technique that can be used to learn word-level meaning representations for a variety of tasks. |
| Approach: | They propose a method for supervised learning of embedding ensembles that leads to state-of-the-art performance on a variety of tasks. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method leads to state-of-the-art performance on a variety of tasks. |
Frustratingly Easy Meta-Embedding – Computing Meta-Embeddings by Averaging Source Word Embeddings (N18-2)
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| Challenge: | Existing methods for producing word embeddings have shown to produce accurate meta-embeddings from pre-trained source embeddables. |
| Approach: | They propose to use arithmetic mean of two distinct word embedding sets to produce an accurate meta-embedding. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method produces meta-embeddings comparable or better than more complex methods. |
Together We Make Sense–Learning Meta-Sense Embeddings (2023.findings-acl)
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| Challenge: | Existing sense embeddings do not cover all senses of ambiguous words equally well due to discrepancies in their training resources. |
| Approach: | They propose a meta-sense embedding method that preserves sense neighbourhoods by combining multiple independently trained source sense embeddables. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method outperforms several baselines on Word Sense Disambiguation and Word-in-Context tasks. |
A Simple Approach to Learning Unsupervised Multilingual Embeddings (2020.emnlp-main)
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| Challenge: | Recent work on unsupervised cross-lingual embeddings in the bilingual setting has given the impetus to learning a shared embeddable space for several languages. |
| Approach: | They propose to solve two sub-problems together to learn a shared embedding space for several languages. |
| Outcome: | The proposed approach outperforms existing methods in bilingual lexicon induction, cross-lingual word similarity, multilingual document classification, and multilingual dependency parsing tasks. |
Auto-Encoding Dictionary Definitions into Consistent Word Embeddings (D18-1)
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| Challenge: | Monolingual dictionaries are widespread and semantically rich resources. |
| Approach: | They propose a model that learns to compute word embeddings by processing dictionary definitions and trying to reconstruct them. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model shows strong performance when trained exclusively on dictionary data and generalizes in one shot. |
Embedding Learning Through Multilingual Concept Induction (P18-1)
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| Challenge: | Existing methods for learning vector space representations of words are based on word-context information. |
| Approach: | They propose a method for estimating vector space representations of words by concept induction. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method performs better on crosslingual word similarity and sentiment analysis on a parallel corpus. |
Leveraging Meta-Embeddings for Bilingual Lexicon Extraction from Specialized Comparable Corpora (C18-1)
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| Challenge: | Recent studies on bilingual lexicon extraction from specialized comparable corpora show differences in performance . lack of large specialized corporan to build efficient representations can be partially explained . |
| Approach: | They propose to use character-based embedding models to combine different embeddable models . they emphasize how character-driven embeddance models outperform other models on quality . |
| Outcome: | The proposed model outperforms other models on quality of extracted bilingual lexicons . comparable corpora are an interesting and practical alternative to parallel corporation . |
Task-oriented Domain-specific Meta-Embedding for Text Classification (2020.emnlp-main)
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| Challenge: | Existing methods neglect domain-specific knowledge and use the same word embedding for each word in all domain-specified datasets. |
| Approach: | They propose a method to incorporate domain-specific and task-oriented information into meta-embeddings by combining pre-trained word embeddings. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method performs well on four text classification datasets and shows that it is compatible with existing methods. |
Sentence Meta-Embeddings for Unsupervised Semantic Textual Similarity (2020.acl-main)
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| Challenge: | Existing word embeddings combine complementary strengths of their components to achieve unsupervised semantic similarity (STS). |
| Approach: | They propose to ensemble pre-trained sentence encoders into sentence meta-embeddings to achieve unsupervised Semantic Textual Similarity (STS) they adapt dimensionality reduction, generalized Canonical Correlation Analysis and cross-view auto-encoders to their work. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method achieves 3.7% to 6.4% Pearson’s r over single-source word embeddings on the STS Benchmark and on the StS12-STS16 datasets. |