Challenge: Existing multi-document QA benchmarks require information from only a few documents with limited cross-document reasoning.
Approach: They propose a benchmark for multi-document analytical QA that extracts and synthesizes information across multiple documents to perform quantitative analysis.
Outcome: The proposed approach improves both process and outcome metrics but still has bottlenecks compared to human experts.

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Towards Multi-Document Question Answering in Scientific Literature: Pipeline, Dataset, and Evaluation (2025.findings-emnlp)

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Challenge: Existing QA systems do not strictly enforce cross-document synthesis or exploit the explicit inter-paper structure that links sources.
Approach: They propose a pipeline methodology for constructing a multi-document academic QA dataset . they detect communities based on citation networks and leverage Large Language Models .
Outcome: The proposed method generates QA pairs related to multi-document content automatically and forms coherent communities based on citation networks and large language models.
VisDoM: Multi-Document QA with Visually Rich Elements Using Multimodal Retrieval-Augmented Generation (2025.naacl-long)

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Challenge: Existing benchmarks for document QA for visually rich documents outperform unimodal and long-context LLMs by 12-20%.
Approach: They propose a multimodal Retrieval Augmented Generation approach that integrates visual and textual retrieval with linguistic reasoning.
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M3SciQA: A Multi-Modal Multi-Document Scientific QA Benchmark for Evaluating Foundation Models (2024.findings-emnlp)

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Challenge: Existing evaluation benchmarks for foundation models in understanding scientific literature focus on single-document tasks.
Approach: They propose a multi-modal, multi-document scientific question answering benchmark . it uses expert-annotated questions that span 70 natural language processing paper clusters .
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MultiDocFusion : Hierarchical and Multimodal Chunking Pipeline for Enhanced RAG on Long Industrial Documents (2025.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Existing text chunking methods neglect complex and long industrial document structures, causing information loss and reduced answer quality.
Approach: They propose a multimodal chunking pipeline that detects document regions and extracts text from them via OCR.
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WikiHowQA: A Comprehensive Benchmark for Multi-Document Non-Factoid Question Answering (2023.acl-long)

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Challenge: Answering non-factoid questions (NFQs) is a challenging task, requiring passage-level answers that are difficult to construct and evaluate.
Approach: They propose a multi-document NFQA benchmark built on WikiHow, a website dedicated to answering “how-to” questions.
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DocSplit: A Comprehensive Benchmark Dataset and Evaluation Approach for Document Packet Recognition and Splitting (2026.acl-industry)

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Challenge: Document understanding in real-world applications often requires processing heterogeneous, multi-page document packets containing multiple documents stitched together.
Approach: They propose to use document packet splitting to improve document understanding in real-world applications.
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Coarse-to-Fine Query Focused Multi-Document Summarization (2020.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Existing work on query focused multi-document summarization relies heavily on retrieval-style methods.
Approach: They propose a query-cluster-based model which uses more accurate modules for estimating whether text segments are relevant, likely to contain an answer, and central.
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Multi-Document Event Extraction Using Large and Small Language Models (2025.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Existing approaches to multi-document event extraction have limited attention . despite its practical significance, this task has inherent challenges .
Approach: They propose a collaborative framework that integrates large language models for multi-step reasoning and fine-tuned small language models to handle key subtasks.
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MEBench: Benchmarking Large Language Models for Cross-Document Multi-Entity Question Answering (2025.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Large Language Models (LLMs) and Retrieval-augmented Generation (RAG) systems show promise, but their performance on cross-document MEQA remains underexplored due to the lack of tailored benchmarks.
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Benchmarking Deep Search over Heterogeneous Enterprise Data (2025.emnlp-industry)

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Challenge: Existing methods struggle to conduct deep searches and retrieve all necessary evidence.
Approach: They propose a benchmark for evaluating deep search, a retrieval-augmented generation that requires source-aware, multi-hop reasoning over diverse, sparsed, but related sources.
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