Challenge: Existing reviews focus on a few high-resource languages or embed Indian languages within broad multilingual settings, limiting coverage of low-resourced and culturally diverse varieties.
Approach: They present a unified survey of Indian NLP resources, covering 200+ datasets, 50+ benchmarks, and 100+ models, tools, and systems across text, speech, multimodal, and culturally grounded tasks.
Outcome: The proposed survey covers 200+ datasets, 50+ benchmarks, and 100+ models, tools, and systems across text, speech, multimodal, and culturally grounded tasks.

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Challenge: a survey examines the current efforts and challenges of NLP models for South Asian languages . there are more than 650 languages in South Asia, but many have very limited computational resources or are missing from existing models.
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Challenge: a new multilingual lexical database for Indian languages is proposed . the database provides words and crosslingually mapped word meanings specific to Indian languages and cultures.
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Challenge: Currently, neural network based approaches for machine translation are data hungry and sentence-level aligned parallel pairs are the currency.
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Challenge: resurgence of multimodal datasets has attracted significant research interest, but there is no comprehensive survey for this task.
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Challenge: In this paper, we present NLP resources for 11 major Indian languages . distributional representations are the cornerstone of modern NLP, authors say .
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Beyond Counting Datasets: A Survey of Multilingual Dataset Construction and Necessary Resources (2022.findings-emnlp)

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Challenge: Existing studies have examined the quality of labeled data in non-English languages.
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Challenge: Existing datasets that cover only a fraction of Indian languages lack the breadth needed to generalize beyond curated benchmarks.
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Challenges and Strategies in Cross-Cultural NLP (2022.acl-long)

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Challenge: Various efforts have been made to accommodate linguistic diversity and serve speakers of many different languages.
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Multi-layer Annotation of the Rigveda (L18-1)

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