Challenge: Existing methods for multimodal stance detection face contextual grounding, cross-modal interpretation ambiguity, and single-pass reasoning fragility.
Approach: They propose a multi-agent framework that integrates Retrieval Augmentation for contextual grounding, specialized Multimodal Analysis agents for nuanced interpretation, Reasoning-Enhanced Debate stage and Self-Reflection for robust adjudication.
Outcome: Extensive experiments on five datasets show that the proposed framework outperforms state-of-the-art methods.

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MIND Your Reasoning: A Meta-Cognitive Intuitive-Reflective Network for Dual-Reasoning in Multimodal Stance Detection (2026.acl-long)

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Challenge: Existing methods operate by learning to fuse modalities, leading to frequent misjudgments.
Approach: They propose a paradigm shift from *learning to fuse* to *learning the reason's process' inspired by the dual-process theory of human cognition, MIND operationalizes a self-improving loop.
Outcome: The proposed model significantly outperforms baseline models and exhibits strong generalization.
T-MAD: Target-driven Multimodal Alignment for Stance Detection (2025.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Existing methods for Multimodal Stance Detection struggle with generalizing to unseen targets and handling modality inconsistencies.
Approach: They propose a multimodal stability detection model which captures target-specific relationships and balances modality contributions by iterative reasoning.
Outcome: Experiments on the MMSD and MultiClimate datasets show that the proposed model outperforms state-of-the-art models with optimal results achieved using RoBERTa, ViT, and an iterative depth of 5.
Acquired TASTE: Multimodal Stance Detection with Textual and Structural Embeddings (2025.coling-main)

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Challenge: Prior work has demonstrated the importance of the conversational context in stance detection.
Approach: They propose a multimodal architecture for stance detection that fuses transformer-based content embedding with unsupervised structural embeddment.
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Identification of Multimodal Stance Towards Frames of Communication (2023.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Until now, determining whether an author is in favor of, against or has no stance towards a frame was performed only when processing texts.
Approach: They propose to use a dataset to infer stance towards 113 different frames of communication in multimodal documents.
Outcome: The proposed model improved the quality of identifying multimedia stance by 20% compared to previous methods, which only performed when processing texts.
MPVStance: Mitigating Hallucinations in Stance Detection with Multi-Perspective Verification (2025.acl-long)

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Challenge: despite advances in large language models, challenges persist due to hallucination-models generating inaccurate content.
Approach: They propose a framework that integrates multi-perspective verification with Retrieval-Augmented Generation to address these challenges.
Outcome: The proposed method outperforms existing models on the SemEval-2016 and VAST datasets.
MM-BizRAG: Rethinking Multimodal Retrieval-Augmented Generation for General Purpose Enterprise Q&A (2026.acl-industry)

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Challenge: Recent advances in multimodal retrieval-augmented generation (MM-RAG) have shifted toward minimal parsing, relying on page-level images for producing retriever embeddings and answer generation.
Approach: They propose a document structure-aware split that extracts and represents document structure via a structure-based split that dynamically routes documents through orientation-specific ingestion pipelines.
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MM-ChatAlign: A Novel Multimodal Reasoning Framework based on Large Language Models for Entity Alignment (2024.findings-emnlp)

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Challenge: Existing MMEA methods rely on knowledge representation learning (KRL) to measure the similarity of entity embeddings.
Approach: They propose a framework that utilizes the visual reasoning abilities of MLLMs for multimodal entity alignment.
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A Challenge Dataset and Effective Models for Conversational Stance Detection (2024.lrec-main)

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Challenge: stance detection studies focus on evaluating stances within individual instances, hindering progress of conversational stance analysis.
Approach: They propose a multi-turn conversation stance detection dataset that encompasses multiple targets for conversational stance detector.
Outcome: The proposed dataset encompasses multiple targets for conversational stance detection.
Multi-modal Stance Detection: New Datasets and Model (2024.findings-acl)

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Challenge: Existing methods for stance detection for pure texts have limited results to multi-modal content.
Approach: They propose a multi-modal stance detection framework that leverages target information to learn multi-modal stance features from textual and visual modalities.
Outcome: The proposed framework achieves state-of-the-art in multi-modal stance detection on five datasets based on Twitter .
Journalism-Guided Agentic In-context Learning for News Stance Detection (2025.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Existing stance detection research on news content is limited to short texts and high-resource languages.
Approach: They propose a dataset for article-level stance detection that integrates viewpoints into recommendation algorithms and a framework that employs a language model agent to predict the stances of key structural segments.
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