Challenge: Existing research on long-context scaling in language models has focused on managing lengthy input prompts instead of producing long outputs.
Approach: They propose a sequence-level curriculum learning framework that shifts a model’s focus from interpreting long chain-of-thoughts to generating them.
Outcome: Experiments on rigorous reasoning benchmarks, including AIME24 and GPQA Diamond, show that the proposed approach surpasses standard fine-tuning by over 10% while maintaining robust performance on understanding tasks.

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Large Language Models Are Reasoning Teachers (2023.acl-long)

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Challenge: Recent studies have shown that chain-of-thought (CoT) prompting can elicit language models to solve complex reasoning tasks step-by-step.
Approach: They propose a method that uses large model samples as reasoning teachers to fine-tune smaller models.
Outcome: The proposed method outperforms prompt-based methods and the teacher model in many tasks and extends it by leveraging the teacher's ability to generate multiple rationales for each original sample.
Language Models Can Easily Learn to Reason from Demonstrations (2025.findings-emnlp)

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Challenge: Large reasoning models (LRMs) tackle complex problems by following long chain-of-thoughts (Long CoT) however, the training techniques and data requirements to elicit Long CoT remain poorly understood.
Approach: They propose to use data-efficient supervised fine-tuning and parameter-efficient low-rank adaptation to elicit Long CoT reasoning.
Outcome: The proposed model can learn Long CoT reasoning through data-efficient supervised fine-tuning and parameter-efficient low-rank adaptation.
Long-Context Reasoning Through Proxy-Based Chain-of-Thought Tuning (2026.acl-long)

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Challenge: Recent large language models support inputs of up to 10 million tokens, yet they perform poorly on long-context tasks.
Approach: They propose a training framework that transfers reasoning capabilities from proxy contexts to full long contexts.
Outcome: The proposed framework outperforms baseline models with reduced computational overhead.
Chain-of-Thought Matters: Improving Long-Context Language Models with Reasoning Path Supervision (2025.findings-emnlp)

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Challenge: Recent advances in Large Language Models (LLMs) have highlighted the challenge of handling long-context tasks.
Approach: They propose a chain-of-thought framework that teaches models to generate high-quality reasoning paths for enhanced long-context performance.
Outcome: The proposed framework generalizes across most long-context scenarios and amplifys with increasing context length.
Fine-Tuning on Diverse Reasoning Chains Drives Within-Inference CoT Refinement in LLMs (2025.acl-long)

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Challenge: Existing approaches to generate multiple independent CoTs, combining them through ensembling or other post-hoc strategies, have been shown to be effective in boosting performance.
Approach: They propose a method where LLMs are fine-tuned to generate a sequence of Diverse Chains of Thought (DCoT) within a single inference step.
Outcome: The proposed model can generate multiple chains of thought within a single inference step without external feedback.
Enhancing the Reasoning Capabilities of Small Language Models via Solution Guidance Fine-Tuning (2025.coling-main)

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Challenge: Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable performance across a wide range of tasks.
Approach: They propose a new reasoning strategy Solution Guidance (SG) and a plug-and-play training paradigm Solution-Guidance Fine-Tuning (SGFT) which focuses on problem understanding and decomposition at the semantic and logical levels, rather than specific computations.
Outcome: The proposed reasoning strategy Solution Guidance (SG) and plug-and-play training paradigm Solution-Guidance Fine-Tuning (SGFT) improves the reasoning capabilities of small language models on various reasoning tasks.
Let’s Be Self-generated via Step by Step: A Curriculum Learning Approach to Automated Reasoning with Large Language Models (2025.findings-acl)

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Challenge: Existing efforts to improve CoT prompting have limitations that require extensive human effort or performance needs to be improved.
Approach: They propose a prompt approach for automatic reasoning called LBS3 inspired by curriculum learning which better reflects human learning habits.
Outcome: The proposed approach achieves strongly competitive performance compared to baselines in reasoning-intensive tasks with varying open- and closed-source LLMs.
Thinking Long, but Short: Stable Sequential Test-Time Scaling for Large Reasoning Models (2026.findings-eacl)

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Challenge: Inducing models to think for longer can increase accuracy, but as the length of reasoning is further extended, it has also been shown to result in accuracy degradation and model instability.
Approach: They propose a sequential test-time scaling method which induces models to think for longer, but which also generates an increasingly long output.
Outcome: The proposed method improves model accuracy significantly over a wide range of induced thoughts, stabilizing the accuracy of sequential scaling, and eliminating the need for reasoning length fine-tuning.
Aligning Large and Small Language Models via Chain-of-Thought Reasoning (2024.eacl-long)

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Challenge: Chain-of-Thought (CoT) prompting empowers Large Language Models to solve complex reasoning tasks in a step-wise manner.
Approach: They propose a method for aligning and transferring reasoning abilities between larger and smaller Language Models by using CoT-Demonstrations.
Outcome: The proposed method outperforms baselines on question-answering and mathematical reasoning benchmarks.
On the Impact of Fine-Tuning on Chain-of-Thought Reasoning (2025.naacl-long)

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Challenge: Large language models have emerged as powerful tools for general intelligence, showcasing advanced natural language processing capabilities.
Approach: They propose to use supervised fine-tuning and Quantized Low-Rank Adapters to improve LLMs' task-specific performance to address privacy and safety risks.
Outcome: The proposed model improves the accuracy of the chain-of-thought reasonings across four datasets and demonstrates that the faithfulness of CoT reasoning decreases.

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