Challenge: Existing studies on in-context learning (ICL) focus on the selection of individual examples and ignore correlations among examples.
Approach: They propose a method to capture positive and negative correlations using the determinantal point process . they optimize the method via kernel decomposition-based MLE to fit a constructed pseudo-labeled dataset .
Outcome: The proposed method outperforms baselines in ICL example selection.

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Challenge: Existing studies on large-scale labeled support sets are not feasible in practical scenarios.
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Challenge: In-context learning (ICL) is a training-free paradigm of fewshot inference that can generalize to novel tasks by conditioning on a few task examples.
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Representative Demonstration Selection for In-Context Learning with Two-Stage Determinantal Point Process (2023.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Existing methods tend to select different demonstrations for each test instance, which is time-consuming and poses limitations in practical scenarios.
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Challenge: Existing literature has highlighted the importance of selecting examples that are diverse or semantically similar to the test sample . Existing studies have shown that the optimal selection dimension, i.e., diversity or similarity, is task-specific.
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Challenge: Existing methods for in-context learning with large language models focus on using correct or negative examples, ignoring the potential value of incorrect or negative samples.
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Challenge: Prior studies have focused on the role of well-chosen examples in in-context learning .
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Structured Semantic Information Helps Retrieve Better Examples for In-Context Learning Applied to Few-Shot Relation Extraction (2026.acl-long)

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Challenge: Existing approaches to tabular data generation require fine-tuning, which is computationally expensive.
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TISE: A Tripartite In-context Selection Method for Event Argument Extraction (2024.naacl-long)

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Challenge: Recent studies show that LLMs can finish inference by providing several examples.
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