Challenge: Existing methods for in-context learning with large language models focus on using correct or negative examples, ignoring the potential value of incorrect or negative samples.
Approach: They propose a few-shot technique that leverages both correct and incorrect sample constructions to create in-context learning demonstrations.
Outcome: The proposed technique outperforms previous few-shot in-context learning methods on a broad spectrum of related tasks.

Similar Papers

Enhancing Input-Label Mapping in In-Context Learning with Contrastive Decoding (2025.acl-short)

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Challenge: Prior research has found that large language models overlook input-label mapping information in ICL, relying more on their pre-trained knowledge.
Approach: They propose a novel method that contrasts input-label mappings between positive and negative in-context examples to improve model performance.
Outcome: The proposed method improves performance on 7 natural language understanding tasks without additional training.
LLMs Are Few-Shot In-Context Low-Resource Language Learners (2024.naacl-long)

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Challenge: In-context learning (ICL) empowers large language models to perform diverse tasks in underrepresented languages using only short in-contrast information.
Approach: They extensively assess the effectiveness of in-context learning with LLMs in low-resource languages . they also identify the shortcomings of in context label alignment .
Outcome: The proposed approach improves understanding quality of low-resource languages by closing the language gap in the target language.
In-Context Learning with Iterative Demonstration Selection (2024.findings-emnlp)

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Challenge: Existing literature has highlighted the importance of selecting examples that are diverse or semantically similar to the test sample . Existing studies have shown that the optimal selection dimension, i.e., diversity or similarity, is task-specific.
Approach: They propose to use zero-shot chain-of-thought reasoning to iteratively select examples that are diverse but still strongly correlated with the test sample as ICL demonstrations.
Outcome: The proposed method outperforms existing demonstration selection methods on reasoning, question answering, and topic classification tasks.
Self-ICL: Zero-Shot In-Context Learning with Self-Generated Demonstrations (2023.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Large language models (LLMs) have shown striking ability to adapt to target tasks with a few input-output demonstrations.
Approach: They propose a framework which bootstraps LMs’ intrinsic capabilities to perform zero-shot ICL.
Outcome: The proposed framework outperforms baselines on 23 BIG-Bench Hard tasks on average accuracy and head-to-head comparison.
LA-UCL: LLM-Augmented Unsupervised Contrastive Learning Framework for Few-Shot Text Classification (2024.lrec-main)

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Challenge: Experimental results show that our model exceeds the baseline models due to the lack of cognitive ability.
Approach: They propose a LLM-Augmented Unsupervised Contrastive Learning Framework which introduces a cognition-enabled Large Language Model (LLM) for efficient data augmentation and presents corresponding contrastive learning strategies.
Outcome: The proposed model exceeds baseline models on six datasets.
More Samples or More Prompts? Exploring Effective Few-Shot In-Context Learning for LLMs with In-Context Sampling (2024.findings-naacl)

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Challenge: Existing studies on LLM prompting focus on selecting a better set of data samples inside one single prompt input, but why not design and leverage multiple ICL prompts together to further improve the LLM’s performance?
Approach: They propose a low-resource LLM prompting technique to optimize the construction of multiple ICL prompt inputs to produce confident predictions.
Outcome: The proposed technique can produce confident predictions by optimizing the construction of multiple ICL prompt inputs on four NLI datasets and one QA dataset.
Can Many-Shot In-Context Learning Help LLMs as Evaluators? A Preliminary Empirical Study (2025.coling-main)

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Challenge: Existing evaluation approaches to evaluate Large Language Models are affected by potential biases within LLMs.
Approach: They propose two many-shot In-Context Learning (ICL) prompt templates to help LLM evaluators mitigate potential biases.
Outcome: The proposed templates reduce biases by using in-context examples with model-generated rationales as references.
Guideline Learning for In-Context Information Extraction (2023.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Large language models can perform a task by conditioning on task instructions and a few input-output examples without optimizing any parameters.
Approach: They propose a guideline learning framework for In-context IE which reflectively learns and follows guidelines.
Outcome: The proposed framework improves the performance of in-context IE by synthesizing and following guidelines.
On Many-Shot In-Context Learning for Long-Context Evaluation (2025.acl-long)

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Challenge: Existing benchmarks primarily evaluate long-context language models' retrieval capabilities.
Approach: They propose a benchmark to evaluate long-context language models' retrieval capabilities by using MANYICLBENCH.
Outcome: The proposed model performs better with additional demonstrations than translation and reasoning tasks.
Scaling Performance and Low-Resource Annotation with Many-Shot In-Context Learning for Named Entity Recognition (2026.findings-acl)

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Challenge: Existing studies on ICL for Named Entity Recognition (NER) have mainly explored few-shot settings, but the potential of scaling to hundreds of demonstrations has not been thoroughly investigated.
Approach: They evaluate various LLMs across multiple domains using hundreds of ICL examples and then assess the feasibility of using many-shot ICL as a data annotation framework.
Outcome: The proposed framework can be scaled to hundreds of examples and annotate and refining data for low-resource NER tasks.

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