| Challenge: | Large Language Models (LLMs) can achieve enhanced complex problem-solving through test-time computing scaling, but this often entails longer contexts and numerous reasoning token costs. |
| Approach: | They propose an efficient test-time scaling method that trains LLMs on code-related reasoning trajectories and a novel Shifted Thinking Window to mitigate overthinking overhead. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method reduces overthinking overhead while maintaining performance. |
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| Challenge: | Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have focused on test-time scaling to improve reasoning quality but at the cost of efficiency. |
| Approach: | They propose a training-free framework that enhances reasoning accuracy and stability with minimal overhead. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework yields consistent gains across general, coding, and STEM tasks while remaining highly efficient. |
Dynamic Scaling of Unit Tests for Code Reward Modeling (2025.acl-long)
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| Challenge: | Existing large language models struggle to produce accurate responses on the first attempt for complex reasoning tasks like code generation. |
| Approach: | They propose a lightweight yet effective unit test generator that scales unit tests based on problem difficulty. |
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s1: Simple test-time scaling (2025.emnlp-main)
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Niklas Muennighoff, Zitong Yang, Weijia Shi, Xiang Lisa Li, Li Fei-Fei, Hannaneh Hajishirzi, Luke Zettlemoyer, Percy Liang, Emmanuel Candes, Tatsunori Hashimoto
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Scaling Evaluation-Time Compute with Reasoning Models as Evaluators (2026.findings-acl)
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Seungone Kim, Ian Wu, Jinu Lee, Xiang Yue, Seongyun Lee, Minkyeong Moon, Carolin Lawrence, Kiril Gashteovski, Julia Hockenmaier, Graham Neubig, Sean Welleck
| Challenge: | Language model (LM) evaluators that generate chain-of-thought reasoning are widely used for the assessment of LM responses. |
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ThinkBooster: A Unified Framework for Seamless Test-Time Scaling of LLM Reasoning (2026.acl-demo)
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Vladislav Smirnov, Quang-Chieu Nguyen, Sergey Senichev, Minh Ngoc Ta, Ekaterina Fadeeva, Artem Vazhentsev, Daria Galimzianova, Nikolai Rozanov, Viktor Mazanov, Jingwei Ni, Tianyi Wu, Igor Kiselev, Mrinmaya Sachan, Iryna Gurevych, Preslav Nakov, Timothy Baldwin, Artem Shelmanov
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Thought calibration: Efficient and confident test-time scaling (2025.emnlp-main)
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| Challenge: | Existing methods for teaching language models to be economical with their token budgets have failed to achieve the desired results. |
| Approach: | They propose to calibrate a language model's growing body of thoughts to determine when new reasoning plateaus. |
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Evaluating Test-Time Scaling LLMs for Legal Reasoning: OpenAI o1, DeepSeek-R1, and Beyond (2025.findings-emnlp)
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| Challenge: | Experimental results show that Legal-R1 delivers competitive performance across diverse tasks. |
| Approach: | They propose to evaluate 12 large language models across 17 legal tasks across statutory and case-law traditions to determine their general reasoning performance. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model performs well across 17 legal tasks across statutory and case-law traditions. |
Prompting Test-Time Scaling Is A Strong LLM Reasoning Data Augmentation (2026.findings-acl)
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| Challenge: | Large language models exhibit strong reasoning when guided by chain-of-thought exemplars . collecting large, high-quality reasoning datasets remains laborious and resource-intensive . |
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Guided by Gut: Efficient Test-Time Scaling with Reinforced Intrinsic Confidence (2026.acl-long)
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| Challenge: | Guided by Gut (GG) is an efficient self-guided TTS framework for Large Language Models (LLMs) that performs step-by-step reasoning at a low cost without any reward models or verifiers. |
| Approach: | They propose a self-guided TTS framework that enables LLMs to perform step-by-step reasoning at a low cost without any reward models or verifiers. |
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S*: Test Time Scaling for Code Generation (2025.findings-emnlp)
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Dacheng Li, Shiyi Cao, Chengkun Cao, Xiuyu Li, Shangyin Tan, Kurt Keutzer, Jiarong Xing, Joseph E. Gonzalez, Ion Stoica
| Challenge: | S* is the first hybrid test-time scaling framework that significantly improves the coverage and selection accuracy of generated code. |
| Approach: | They propose a hybrid test-time scaling framework that augments parallel scaling with sequential scaling to further increase the performance. |
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