Challenge: Existing approaches to detect fake news in unseen domains are limited by domain-specific training.
Approach: They propose a cross-domain fake news detection method based on adversarial training . they use a document-level and entity-level model to generate domain-independent representations .
Outcome: The proposed method can detect fake news in unseen domains with the help of pre-trained language models.

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Structure-adaptive Adversarial Contrastive Learning for Multi-Domain Fake News Detection (2025.findings-acl)

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Challenge: Existing models for fake news detection capture domain-shared semantic features but fail to generalize well due to poor adaptability.
Approach: They propose a framework to enable structure knowledge transfer between multiple domains . they compare content-only and propagation-rich data to preserve structural patterns .
Outcome: The proposed framework can learn semantic and structural features across domains.
Cross-lingual Evidence Improves Monolingual Fake News Detection (2021.acl-srw)

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Challenge: Existing methods focused on one language and do not use multilingual information.
Approach: They propose a new technique based on cross-lingual evidence that can be used for fake news detection . they compared their proposed technique with strong baselines on two datasets of general-topic news .
Outcome: The proposed technique improves existing methods and can be used on real and fake news datasets.
Efficient Cross-modal Prompt Learning with Semantic Enhancement for Domain-robust Fake News Detection (2025.coling-main)

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Challenge: Existing MFND methods conduct cross-modal information interaction at later stage, resulting in weak generalization ability.
Approach: They propose an automatic multi-modal fake news detection method that exploits cross-modal information interaction at later stage.
Outcome: The proposed method outperforms state-of-the-art methods on three MFND benchmarks.
Entity-Aware Dual Co-Attention Network for Fake News Detection (2023.findings-eacl)

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Challenge: Existing models for fake news detection are limited in their ability to detect it from different aspects.
Approach: They propose a Dual Co-Attention Network (Dual-CAN) for fake news detection that takes news content, social media replies, and external knowledge into consideration.
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IMOL: Incomplete-Modality-Tolerant Learning for Multi-Domain Fake News Video Detection (2025.acl-long)

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Challenge: Existing methods for fake news video detection focus on a specific domain and assume multiple modalities.
Approach: They propose an incomplete-modality-tolerant learning framework for fake news video detection . they use cross-modal consistency to reconstruct missing modalities and transferable knowledge through cross-sample reasoning .
Outcome: The proposed framework improves performance and robustness of multi-domain fake news video detection while generalizing to unseen domains under incomplete modality conditions.
Towards Robust Evidence-Aware Fake News Detection via Improving Semantic Perception (2024.lrec-main)

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Challenge: Existing methods lack sufficient semantic perception and are easily blinded by textual expressions.
Approach: They propose a model-agnostic training framework to improve the semantic perception of evidence-aware fake news detection by combining two kinds of data augmentations with synthetic data.
Outcome: The proposed framework outperforms state-of-the-art methods on the extended test set while achieving competitive performance on the original one.
Multi-Source Multi-Class Fake News Detection (C18-1)

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Challenge: detecting fake news is challenging especially in the era of social media, as it is written intentionally to mislead readers.
Approach: They propose a framework to combine information from multiple sources and discriminate between different degrees of fakeness.
Outcome: The proposed framework can detect fake news with different degrees of fakeness . it integrates information from multiple sources and discriminates between them .
Improving Fake News Detection of Influential Domain via Domain- and Instance-Level Transfer (2022.coling-1)

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Challenge: Social media spreads both real news and fake news in various domains including politics, health, entertainment, etc.
Approach: They propose a Domain- and Instance-level Transfer Framework for Fake News Detection which could improve the performance of specific target domains.
Outcome: The proposed framework improves performance of target domains by hurting other domains, resulting in unsatisfactory performance in the target domain.
Generate First, Then Sample: Enhancing Fake News Detection with LLM-Augmented Reinforced Sampling (2025.acl-long)

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Challenge: Existing models have a performance gap of 20% between classifying fake news and real news, making them less suitable for practical deployment.
Approach: They propose to adopt an LLM to generate fake news in three different styles, which are later incorporated into the training set to augment the representation of fake news.
Outcome: The proposed model achieves state-of-the-art performance on two benchmark datasets and improves detection accuracy by 24.02% and 11.06% respectively.
Fake News Detection Strategies under Dataset Bias: Using Large-scale Coarse-grained Labels (2026.eacl-srw)

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Challenge: Existing datasets differ substantially in content distributions and annotation policies, complicating fair evaluation and generalization assessment.
Approach: They quantitatively analyze dataset bias across multiple public fake news datasets with different annotation granularities, including article-level and publisher-level labels.
Outcome: The proposed approach improves detection performance under in-dataset and cross-data set evaluation settings.

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