Challenge: Existing methods for fake news video detection focus on a specific domain and assume multiple modalities.
Approach: They propose an incomplete-modality-tolerant learning framework for fake news video detection . they use cross-modal consistency to reconstruct missing modalities and transferable knowledge through cross-sample reasoning .
Outcome: The proposed framework improves performance and robustness of multi-domain fake news video detection while generalizing to unseen domains under incomplete modality conditions.

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Challenge: Existing MFND methods conduct cross-modal information interaction at later stage, resulting in weak generalization ability.
Approach: They propose an automatic multi-modal fake news detection method that exploits cross-modal information interaction at later stage.
Outcome: The proposed method outperforms state-of-the-art methods on three MFND benchmarks.
Cross-Domain Fake News Detection based on Dual-Granularity Adversarial Training (2025.coling-main)

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Challenge: Existing approaches to detect fake news in unseen domains are limited by domain-specific training.
Approach: They propose a cross-domain fake news detection method based on adversarial training . they use a document-level and entity-level model to generate domain-independent representations .
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IMRRF: Integrating Multi-Source Retrieval and Redundancy Filtering for LLM-based Fake News Detection (2025.naacl-long)

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Challenge: Existing methods to detect fake news rely on manual checking, which is time-consuming.
Approach: They propose a model which integrates textual corpus retrieval with knowledge graph retrieval to retrieve more comprehensive evidence and a redundant information filtering strategy which minimizes the influence of irrelevant information on the LLM reasoning process.
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Structure-adaptive Adversarial Contrastive Learning for Multi-Domain Fake News Detection (2025.findings-acl)

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Challenge: Existing models for fake news detection capture domain-shared semantic features but fail to generalize well due to poor adaptability.
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Improving Fake News Detection of Influential Domain via Domain- and Instance-Level Transfer (2022.coling-1)

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Challenge: Social media spreads both real news and fake news in various domains including politics, health, entertainment, etc.
Approach: They propose a Domain- and Instance-level Transfer Framework for Fake News Detection which could improve the performance of specific target domains.
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Causal Intervention and Counterfactual Reasoning for Multi-modal Fake News Detection (2023.acl-long)

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Challenge: Existing methods for multi-modal fake news detection neglect the fact that some label-specific features cannot generalize well to the testing set, thus suffering from the latent data bias.
Approach: They propose a Causal intervention and Counterfactual reasoning based debiasing framework for multi-modal fake news detection that eliminates the image-only bias by deducting the direct effect of the image from the total effect on labels.
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TELLER: A Trustworthy Framework for Explainable, Generalizable and Controllable Fake News Detection (2024.findings-acl)

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Challenge: Existing methods for detecting fake news are limited due to non-transparent reasoning processes and inherent risks of integration with large language models.
Approach: They propose a framework for trustworthy fake news detection that prioritizes explainability, generalizability and controllability of models.
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FakeSV-VLM: Taming VLM for Detecting Fake Short-Video News via Progressive Mixture-Of-Experts Adapter (2025.findings-emnlp)

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Challenge: Existing methods for detecting fake news videos fall short due to lack of knowledge to verify the news is real or not.
Approach: They propose a VLM-based framework for detecting fake news on short video platforms . they design four experts tailored to handle each scenario and integrate them into VLM .
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Hierarchical Multi-head Attentive Network for Evidence-aware Fake News Detection (2021.eacl-main)

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Challenge: Existing methods to fact-check information focus on word-level attention or evidence-level focus, which may result in suboptimal performance.
Approach: They propose a Hierarchical Multi-head Attentive Network to fact-check textual claims using word-level attention and document-level focus.
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Multi-Source Multi-Class Fake News Detection (C18-1)

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Challenge: detecting fake news is challenging especially in the era of social media, as it is written intentionally to mislead readers.
Approach: They propose a framework to combine information from multiple sources and discriminate between different degrees of fakeness.
Outcome: The proposed framework can detect fake news with different degrees of fakeness . it integrates information from multiple sources and discriminates between them .

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