Challenge: Existing MMEA datasets consider multi-modal data as attributes of textual entities, neglecting correlations between the multi-modal data.
Approach: They propose a multi-modal entity alignment dataset that models multi-dimensional data as textual entities in the MMKG.
Outcome: The proposed dataset can learn the structural information of entities by considering both intra-modal and cross-modal relations and infer the similarity of different types of entity pairs.

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SGMEA: Structure-Guided Multimodal Entity Alignment (2025.coling-main)

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Challenge: Existing methods focus on interactions between neighboring entities in the structural modality while neglecting interactions between entities in visual and attribute modalities.
Approach: They propose a structure-guided multimodal entity alignment method which prioritizes structural information from knowledge graphs to enhance the visual and attribute modalities.
Outcome: The proposed method achieves state-of-the-art performance across multiple datasets, validating its effectiveness and superiority in practical applications.
Multi-modal Contrastive Representation Learning for Entity Alignment (2022.coling-1)

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Challenge: Existing studies focus on how to utilize information from different modalities, but it is not trivial to leverage multi-modal knowledge in entity alignment because of the modality heterogeneity.
Approach: They propose a Multi-modal Contrastive Learning based Entity Alignment model which learns multiple individual representations from multiple modalities and performs contrastive learning to jointly model inter-modal and inter-modal interactions.
Outcome: The proposed model outperforms state-of-the-art models on public datasets under both supervised and unsupervised conditions.
Breaking the Noise Barrier: LLM-Guided Semantic Filtering and Enhancement for Multi-Modal Entity Alignment (2025.emnlp-main)

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Challenge: Multi-modal entity alignment (MMEA) aims to identify equivalent entities between two multimodal knowledge graphs.
Approach: They propose a novel LLMguided MMEA framework that prioritizes noise reduction before fusion.
Outcome: The proposed framework prioritizes noise reduction before fusion and improves semantics on the noisy FB YG dataset.
Entity-level Cross-modal Learning Improves Multi-modal Machine Translation (2021.findings-emnlp)

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Challenge: Multi-modal machine translation aims at improving translation performance by incorporating visual information.
Approach: They propose an explicit entity-level cross-modal learning approach that aims to augment the entity representation by combining a translation task and a reconstruction task.
Outcome: The proposed approach achieves comparable or even better performance than state-of-the-art models.
MM-ChatAlign: A Novel Multimodal Reasoning Framework based on Large Language Models for Entity Alignment (2024.findings-emnlp)

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Challenge: Existing MMEA methods rely on knowledge representation learning (KRL) to measure the similarity of entity embeddings.
Approach: They propose a framework that utilizes the visual reasoning abilities of MLLMs for multimodal entity alignment.
Outcome: The proposed framework integrates the visual reasoning abilities of MLLMs for multimodal entity alignment.
Multi-Modal Knowledge Graph Transformer Framework for Multi-Modal Entity Alignment (2023.findings-emnlp)

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Challenge: Multi-modal entity alignment (MMEA) is a critical task that aims to identify equivalent entity pairs across multi-modal knowledge graphs (MMKGs).
Approach: They propose a novel MMEA transformer that hierarchically introduces neighbor features, multi-modal attributes, and entity types to enhance alignment task.
Outcome: The proposed transformer hierarchically introduces neighbor features, multi-modal attributes, and entity types to enhance the alignment task.
Progressively Modality Freezing for Multi-Modal Entity Alignment (2024.acl-long)

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Challenge: Multi-Modal Entity Alignment aims to discover identical entities across heterogeneous knowledge graphs.
Approach: They propose a strategy of progressive modality freezing that focuses on alignment-relevant features and enhances multi-modal feature fusion.
Outcome: The proposed approach demonstrates state-of-the-art performance and the rationale for freezing modalities.
MMRA: A Benchmark for Evaluating Multi-Granularity and Multi-Image Relational Association Capabilities in Large Visual Language Models (2026.findings-eacl)

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Challenge: Current multimodal benchmarks focus on facts within individual images, but neglect associative relations among multiple images.
Approach: They propose a multi-image relational association task and a MMRA benchmark to evaluate LVLMs.
Outcome: The proposed benchmarks show that entity-level multi-image perception tasks pose greater challenges than image-level tasks.
Noise-powered Multi-modal Knowledge Graph Representation Framework (2025.coling-main)

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Challenge: Current efforts to integrate MMKG with pretraining are scarce.
Approach: They propose a method that integrates multi-modal entity features into MMKGs using a Transformer-based architecture equipped with modality-level noise masking.
Outcome: The proposed method achieves SOTA performance across ten datasets.
Modeling Multi-mapping Relations for Precise Cross-lingual Entity Alignment (D19-1)

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Challenge: Entity alignment aims to find entities in different knowledge graphs (KGs) that refer to the same real-world object.
Approach: They propose to use dot product-based functions to define dot products over embeddings to better capture semantics of 1-N, N-1 and N-N relations.
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