PropaInsight: Toward Deeper Understanding of Propaganda in Terms of Techniques, Appeals, and Intent (2025.coling-main)
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Jiateng Liu, Lin Ai, Zizhou Liu, Payam Karisani, Zheng Hui, Yi Fung, Preslav Nakov, Julia Hirschberg, Heng Ji
| Challenge: | Existing research on propaganda detection does not capture the motives behind the content or its broader impact. |
| Approach: | They propose a framework that dissects propaganda into techniques, arousal appeals, and underlying intent. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework improves performance in a wide range of scenarios and can be used to identify and categorize propaganda techniques. |
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PropXplain: Can LLMs Enable Explainable Propaganda Detection? (2025.findings-emnlp)
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Maram Hasanain, Md Arid Hasan, Mohamed Bayan Kmainasi, Elisa Sartori, Ali Ezzat Shahroor, Giovanni Da San Martino, Firoj Alam
| Challenge: | Currently, propagandistic content detection studies focus on detection, with little attention given to explanations justifying the predicted label. |
| Approach: | They propose a multilingual explanation-enhanced dataset and an explanation-based LLM to address this issue. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model performs comparably while also generating explanations. |
Can GPT-4 Identify Propaganda? Annotation and Detection of Propaganda Spans in News Articles (2024.lrec-main)
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| Challenge: | Using large language models (LLMs) to detect propaganda from text is a challenge for the development of sophisticated models. |
| Approach: | They propose to use a large propaganda dataset to identify propagandistic content in text, visual, or multimodal languages to improve their models. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model performs better on a large propaganda dataset than the existing models on skewed datasets. |
Fine-Grained Analysis of Propaganda in News Article (D19-1)
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| Challenge: | Existing methods for detecting propaganda are noisy and lack of explainability. |
| Approach: | They propose to perform fine-grained analysis of texts by detecting all fragments that contain propaganda techniques as well as their type. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model outperforms several strong BERT-based baselines. |
Large Language Models for Propaganda Span Annotation (2024.findings-emnlp)
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| Challenge: | Using propagandistic techniques to manipulate online audiences is increasing in recent years. |
| Approach: | They investigate whether Large Language Models (LLMs) such as GPT-4 can extract propagandistic spans and the potential of employing them to collect more cost-effective annotations. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model provides labels that have higher agreement with expert annotators and lead to specialized models that achieve state-of-the-art over an unseen Arabic testing set. |
Detection of Propaganda Using Logistic Regression (D19-50)
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| Challenge: | Various propaganda techniques are used to manipulate peoples perspectives to foster a predetermined agenda. |
| Approach: | They propose a Logistic Regression-based tool that automatically classifies whether a sentence is propagandistic or not. |
| Outcome: | The proposed tool outperforms the baseline on linguistic and semantic features. |
Prta: A System to Support the Analysis of Propaganda Techniques in the News (2020.acl-demos)
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Giovanni Da San Martino, Shaden Shaar, Yifan Zhang, Seunghak Yu, Alberto Barrón-Cedeño, Preslav Nakov
| Challenge: | recent events have brought the public attention to the dangers of online disinformation. |
| Approach: | a new tool helps users analyze propaganda using specific rhetorical and psychological techniques. a prta system identifies the spans in which propaganda techniques occur and compares them. |
| Outcome: | a new tool can analyze articles crawled on a regular basis and compare them on the basis of their use of propaganda techniques. |
FRAPPE: FRAming, Persuasion, and Propaganda Explorer (2024.eacl-demo)
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Ahmed Sajwani, Alaa El Setohy, Ali Mekky, Diana Turmakhan, Lara Hassan, Mohamed El Zeftawy, Omar El Herraoui, Osama Afzal, Qisheng Liao, Tarek Mahmoud
| Challenge: | FRAPPE is a linguistic analysis, persuasion, and propaganda-based news analysis system that analyzes articles for genre, framings, and persulasion techniques. |
| Approach: | They propose a FRAming, Persuasion, and Propaganda Explorer system that analyzes articles for genre, framings, and use of persuation techniques. |
| Outcome: | FRAPPE analyzes articles for genre, framings, and use of persuasion techniques . it also draws comparisons between persulasion and framping strategies adopted by a diverse pool of news outlets and countries across multiple languages for different topics . |
On Sentence Representations for Propaganda Detection: From Handcrafted Features to Word Embeddings (D19-50)
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| Challenge: | The rise of fake and hyperpartisan news on social media and online news outlets calls for improved automatic detection of propaganda in texts. |
| Approach: | They propose to use handcrafted features and learn dense semantic representations to detect propaganda in sentence-level and with random undersampling of the majority class (non-propaganda) |
| Outcome: | The proposed system achieves a ranking of 10 among 25 participants, with 59.5 F1-score. |
KinyaProp: Fine-Grained Propaganda Annotation in Kinyarwanda (2026.acl-long)
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| Challenge: | Propaganda is a widely used approach for shaping public opinion and disseminating misinformation in news media. |
| Approach: | They propose a fine-grained propaganda dataset for Kinyarwanda . they find that current LLMs are not reliable annotators in low resource settings . |
| Outcome: | The proposed dataset shows that current LLMs perform poorly in low resource settings . the dataset shows they perform poorly on discourse-level techniques . |
Synthetic Propaganda Embeddings To Train A Linear Projection (D19-50)
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| Challenge: | Using contextualized token embeddings, we can extract features of propaganda from contextualized embeddnings without fine-tuning the large parameters of the base model. |
| Approach: | They propose a method for detecting fine-grained categories of propaganda in text by generating synthetically generated embeddings from pre-trained language models. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method is used in the first shared task in fine-grained propaganda detection at NLP4IF as Team Stalin. |